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1. what is not an adult liver function test?
- GGT - gamma glutamyl transpeptidases - in hepatic membrane, transfers gamma- glutomyl groups between peptides and increase in drug synthesis
- ALT - alanine aminotransferase, abundant in hepatocytes and released when damaged
- AST - aspartate amino transferase (enzymes involved in amino group transfer) abundant in hepatocytes and released when damaged
- ammonia - correlates with severe illness
- ALP - alkaline phosphatase - present in hepatocyte membrane, enxyme blood levels increase when pressure inside bilary ducts increase
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2. what is not a sign of chronic renal disease?
- accumulation of acids
- decrease in active vid D production, causing low calcium
- accumulation of urea and creatine after >50% of function lost
- increase in potassium ions and phosphate in plasma
3. what is acute renal failure not caused by
- drugs
- obstruction of renal blood or urine flow
- diabetes and high blood pressure
- acute inflammatory process (glomerulonephritis)
- hypovolaemia secondary to blood loss, dehydration and shock
- rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown)
4. what is not a function of the kidney?
- vitamin D catabolism
- production of erythropoietin (RBC growth factor)
- regulate volume of fluid in blood
- excretion of creatine, urea and uric acid
- balance electrolytes and acid base
5. what is not a direct renal function test?
- acid-base balance (acidosis in renal failure causes decreased pH and bicarbonate)
- plasma phosphate
- plasma calcium ions (kidney is involved in active vit D production, raised phosphate may cause low Ca)
- glomerular filtration rate
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