The Causes of Prejudice and Intergroup Conflict

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  • Created by: Yasmetron
  • Created on: 03-02-23 15:35
Define psychoanalysis
a system of psychological theory and therapy that aims to treat mental conditions by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as d
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Where do people get their authoritarian personality from?
mainly from the father figures, if the child steps out of line and challenges authority, they are beaten back into submission. Children who have parents like these are most likely to end up authoritarian too.
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What happens to frustration?
frustration is controlled until they have left the home with their parents and then their frustration is displayed onto others e.g., minority groups. You also adhere to authority where you obey it completely and don’t like change
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What is the F scale and who developed it?
Adorno (1947) to measure prejudice and anti-democratic tendencies at the personality level. originally it has acquiescence bias as well as social desirability and response bias. When the researchers asked the participants if they had strict parents, most
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What is Right Wing Authoritarian and who developed it?
Altemeyer (1996)
= a high degree of submission to the authorities who are perceived to be established and legitimate in the society in which one lives
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What is Social Dominance Orientation and who developed it?
Sidanius and Pratto (1994)
a measurement of “the general desire to establish and maintain hierarchically structured intergroup relations regardless of the position of one's own group(s) within this hierarchy
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How did the USA's stereotype of Japanese people change?
Katz and Braly (1933) - Intelligent, industrious, progressive, shrewd, sly
Gilbert (1951) – Imitative, sly, extremely nationalistic, treacherous. Japanese attack Pearl Harbour, which is why the USA joined the second world war. Lots of American soldiers l
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What is the Realistic Conflict theory and who developed it
Campbell (1967) and Sherif (1953)
Competition over a scarce resource leading to group members working towards attaining the resource and thus brings the competing groups into conflict
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What did Sherif et al. (1961) study and find?
Three field experiments over five-year period, white 12-year-old boys in USA. Split into two groups and a competition for scarce resources introduced (winning for rewards). Led to prejudice, violence, in-group preference, physically dominant leaders, us v
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Define negative interdependence
then individuals perceive that they can obtain their goals. if and only if the other individuals with whom they are competitively linked fail to obtain their goals and, therefore, obstruct each other's efforts to achieve the goals.
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What did Brown (1988) suggest?
That the group context is important in these situations. Some environments encourage cooperation between different groups instead of competition e.g., doctors and nurses
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What did Tajfel and Wilkes (1963) study and find?
Line-length judgements and the effect of categorisation biases
Accentuation of intra-category similarity and inter-category difference
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What did Tajfel et al. (1971) find?
Assignment to groups on minimal criteria or toss of coin. Participants completed booklets full of point allocation matrices. They found ingroup favouritism which is a mixture of maximum in-group profit and maximum difference
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Who developed the Social Identity Theory and what is it?
Tajfel and Turner (1979)
categorisation affects social perception, is meaningful, and unavoidable. Social identity is a valued part of the self-concept, supplying self-esteem and reducing uncertainty (Hogg, 2000)
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Define outgrip homogeneity effect?
the perception of out-group members as more similar to one another than are in-group members - Quattrone (1986)
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Define confirmatory biases
the tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with one’s existing beliefs - Duncan (1976)
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When can prejudice and conflict occur?
o When people ingroups strive to be positively distinct from others and perceive collective injustice
o When social identity is perceived to be threatened by out groups; defensive reactions can spark prejudice and discrimination
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Card 2

Front

Where do people get their authoritarian personality from?

Back

mainly from the father figures, if the child steps out of line and challenges authority, they are beaten back into submission. Children who have parents like these are most likely to end up authoritarian too.

Card 3

Front

What happens to frustration?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the F scale and who developed it?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is Right Wing Authoritarian and who developed it?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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