The Adrenal Glands

?
  • Created by: SamDavies
  • Created on: 11-05-18 15:29
Zona glomerulosa
The outer region of the adrenal cortex which secretes mineralocorticoids like aldosterone
1 of 19
Zona fasciculata
The middle region of the adrenal cortex which secretes glucocorticoids like cortisol
2 of 19
Zona reticularis
The inner region of the adrenal cortex which secretes androgens like DHEA and androstenedione
3 of 19
CYP11B1
The main enzyme required to produce cortisol
4 of 19
11BHSD2
The enzyme that converts cortisol to cortisone. It is unable to bind to the mineralocorticoid receptor, allowing aldosterone to bind instead
5 of 19
Cortisol
The hormone controlled by CRH and ACTH - it is involved in immunosuppression, gluconeogenesis, protein catabolism, lipolysis. It binds to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors and glucocorticoid response elements
6 of 19
ACTHR
The GPCR that ACTH binds to, activating the second messenger cAMP which: increases cholesterol transport into mitochondria, increases transcription of hydroxylases to form more CYP11B1 enzymes, increases LDL receptors, enlarges adrenal gland
7 of 19
Aldosterone synthase
The enzyme that produces aldosterone
8 of 19
Aldosterone
The mineralocorticoid which works to decrease K+ ions and increase Na+ ions. It is regulated by the renin-angiotensin system
9 of 19
Renin-angiotensin
The system where renin is produced when ECF is low, which catalyses the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I and II. This binds to receptors on the cortex, producing aldosterone, increasing ECF
10 of 19
Chromaffin
The cells that make up the adrenal medulla and are innervated by nerves
11 of 19
Tyrosine
The AA from which catecholamines are produced. It is converted to L-DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase (RLS), then to dopamine by DOPA carboxylase and then to noradrenaline by dopamine beta hydroxylase
12 of 19
PNMT
The enzyme which converts noradrenaline to adrenaline. It becomes more active in the presence of cortisol (so adrenaline secretion can be increased by ACTH action)
13 of 19
Beta
The adrenergic receptor to which adrenaline has a higher affinity for (adrenaline innervates the sympathetic nervous system)
14 of 19
Cushings syndrome
A disease where excess cortisol is produced due to a pituitary tumour secreting ACTH, causing obesity, moonface, purple striae, muscle atrophy, osteoporosis. Treat with surgery for tumour or 11-hydroxylase inhibitors to prevent cortisol synthesis
15 of 19
Addisons disease
A disease where there is a shortage of steroid hormones caused by an autoimmune attack of the adrenal glands, causing: increased ACTH, fatigue (hypoglycaemia), weight loss, skin pigmentation, ion imbalance. Treat with hydrocortisone or fludrocortison
16 of 19
Conns syndrome
A disease also known as primary hyperaldosteronism where enlarged adrenal glands oversecrete cortisol and aldosterone, causing hypertension, alkalosis, hypokalemia, muscle weakness. Treat with surgery or spironolactone (mineralocorticoid antagonist)
17 of 19
Secondary hyperaldosteronism
A disease caused by overactivity of the renin-angiotensin system. May be due to reduced blood flow, causing increased renin and increased aldosterone. Similar symptoms to primary hyperaldosteronism and treated the same way
18 of 19
Phaeochromocytoma
A disease of the adrenal medulla caused by a tumour in the chromaffin cells, causing oversecretion of catecholamines. This results in very high bp, palpitations, sweating, anxiety. Treat with alpha blocker then beta blocker before surgery
19 of 19

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The middle region of the adrenal cortex which secretes glucocorticoids like cortisol

Back

Zona fasciculata

Card 3

Front

The inner region of the adrenal cortex which secretes androgens like DHEA and androstenedione

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The main enzyme required to produce cortisol

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The enzyme that converts cortisol to cortisone. It is unable to bind to the mineralocorticoid receptor, allowing aldosterone to bind instead

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Pharmacy resources:

See all Pharmacy resources »See all The Endocrine System resources »