The Autonomic Nervous System

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  • Created by: LBCW0502
  • Created on: 26-09-18 11:14
The Nervous System comprises of which two sub-units?
PNS and CNS
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What does the CNS consist?
The brain and spinal cord
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The PNS comprises of which sub-units?
Somatic NS, autonomic Ns and enteric NS
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Where is the Enteric NS located?
In the gut
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What is the function of the Somatic NS?
To control skeletal muscle
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What is the function of the Autonomic NS?
Controls involuntary functions e.g. blood pressure, heart rate, airways etc
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The Autonomic NS comprises of which sub-units?
Sympathetic NS and Parasympathetic NS
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Where do afferent nerves carry information?
To the CNS
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Where do efferent nerves carry information?
From the CNS
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What is the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction?
ACh
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What are the receptors at the neuromuscular junction?
Nicotinic AChR
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Which positions on the spine do the parasympathetic nerves appear?
Cranial outflow and sacral outflow
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Describe the anatomical features of the parasympathetic nervous system
Long pre-ganglionic nerve and short post-ganglionic nerve, four synapses (diagram)
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What is the neurotransmitter at the ganglion in the parasympathetic NS?
ACh
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What are the receptors at the ganglion in the parasympathetic NS?
Nicotinic AChR
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The parasympathetic nerve from the cranial outflow controls which aspects?
Eyes, airways, salivary glands, heart and GI tract
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The parasympathetic nerve from the sacral outflow controls which aspects?
Bladder, reproductive organs and large intestine
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Which receptors are present at the synapse on the post-ganglionic nerve in the parasympathetic NS?
Muscarinic AChE (effector junction)
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Which positions on the spine do the sympathetic nerves appear?
Thoracic and lumbar outflow (middle of spine)
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Describe the anatomical features of the sympathetic nervous system
Short pre-ganglionic nerve, long post-ganglionic nerve, seven synapses (diagram)
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What is the consequence of the sympathetic nerves activating the adrenal medulla?
Secretion of adrenaline into the bloodstream
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Which neurotransmitter is at the ganglion in the sympathetic NS?
ACh
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What are the receptors at the ganglion in the sympathetic NS?
Nicotinic AChR
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Which neurotransmitter is at the synapse on the post-ganglionic nerve in the sympathetic NS?
Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
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Which neurotransmitter is at the synapse at the sweat glands on the post-ganglionic nerve in the sympathetic NS?
ACh
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What are the receptors at the synapse at the sweat glands in the sympathetic NS?
Muscarinic AChR
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What are the two main types of receptors?
Alpha and beta
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The sympathetic NS controls which aspects?
Eyes (alpha 1), airways (beta 2), salivary gland (alpha 1), heart (beta 1), GI tract (alpha 1), bladder (alpha 1), reproductive organs (alpha 1), sweat glands and adrenal medulla
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What effect does the sympathetic NS have on the: heart, salivary glands, airways, eye and GI tract?
Increase heart rate (cardiac output) and increase force of contraction. Thick viscous secretions. Bronchodilation. Pupils dilate. Decrease peristalsis and secretions
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What effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the: heart, salivary glands, airways, eye and GI tract?
Decrease heart rate (cardiac output) and decrease force of contraction. Thin watery secretions. Bronchoconstriction. Pupils constrict. Increase peristalsis and secretions
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What are the two main ways drugs can interfere with synaptic transmission?
Acting pre-synaptically (synthesis, storage, release of neurotransmitter) or post-synaptically (receptors, removal mechanism for neurotransmitter)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does the CNS consist?

Back

The brain and spinal cord

Card 3

Front

The PNS comprises of which sub-units?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where is the Enteric NS located?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the function of the Somatic NS?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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