l2 sean roe - thyroid and adrenal cortex

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  • Created by: Rscottqub
  • Created on: 01-04-19 14:57
what does the thyroid gland do
sets metabolic rate
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what does the adrenal cortex do
sets metabolic type
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how many types of thyroid hormones
2 - T3 and T4
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where is the thyroid gland
in the neck
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what is thyroid essential fro
metabolic rate, early child devmt
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T3/4 synthesis occurs in the
follicular cells of thyroid gland
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what is T3
tri iodo thryonine
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what is T4
thyroxine
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what is T3 made up of
T1 +T2/ MIT+DIT
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T1
mono iodinated tyrosine MIT
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T2
di iodinated tyrosine DIT
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T4 is made up fo
2x T2 / 2x DIT
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which is more active 3or4
3 is more active but 4 produced in greater amounts
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Hypo releases
TRH
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ant pit releases
TSH
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then finally thyroid release
T4 and T3
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T3/4 can act as
inhibitors to ant pit and hypo - end product inhibition
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Most thyroid hormone is bound
TRUE
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what is the problem with this
bound form = unactive
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if this is the case why do they bind to larger proteins
to prevent being filtered at the kidney, remains in blood and therefore does not need to be reabsorbed. and doesnt get lost in the urine
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what can increase bining
pregnancy and drug use (POM)
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How do T3/4 work? what is the mechanism of action
are lipid soluble, therefore penetrate CM, bind to receptor in cyto
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metabolic effects of T3/4
increase BMR (basal met rate) , increase absorption of glucose, increase fat met
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systemic effects
Increase HR, reduce TPR (temp, pulse,resp) increase vent. increase alertness.
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Myoxodema(hypothyroidism)
too little thyroid. Revving too slowly. weight gain. cold intolerance. due to slowness of energy production
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primary hypo
due to problem with gland itself
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secondargy hypo
problem with pit
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hyperthyroidism
too much, revving too fast. hyperactivity , graves disease- due to increased muscle stimulation. anxiety, weight loss, trouble sleeping , heat interolerance due to high met activity - lots of heat produced
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where are the adrenal glands located
just above EACH kidney
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where are the endocrine cells of the adrenal gland
in medulla of kidney
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types of hormones secreted by adrenal (3)
glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, adrenal androgens
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where are each produced?
diff regions of the adrenal gland synthesis the 3 diff types
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zona glomerurosa
mineralcorticoids
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zona fasiculata
glucocorticoids
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zona reticularis
adrenal androgens
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what is the precrusor reaction for the above syntheisis
chloestrol conversion to pregnenone
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when are adrenal hormones designed to be secreted
in times of physiological stress, not so good for emotional stress
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Effects of glucocorticoids(3)
1. metabolic effects 2. stress resistance 3. immune suppression
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metabolic effects of glucocorticoids
mainly catabolic - in order to replace things lost in stress. Glucose sparing effect
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Immune suppression
suppression of inflammation, inhibits lymphocytes,
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Glucose sparing effect
using fat for energy instead of glucose.
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why is it not good to get stressed
due to activation of glucose sparing effect - fats in blood - can block vessels and lead to stroke
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Mineralcorticoids
main example = aldoesterone
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what does mineralcorticoids do
maintain ECF via reab of Na - using Na-k pump
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aldosterone
actiavtes Na-K pump in DCT
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Hypo releases
CRH -
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ant pit
ACTH
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ACTH acts on the
adrenal cortex- activates endocrine cells to secrete aldosterone
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JGA- Jux appartus
responds to low BP - secretes renin
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renin
converts angiotensiogen --> ang I--> Angi II
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Ang II
increases BP by constriction of aff arteriole
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effects of mineralcorticoids
Na reab from DCT, this causes an increase in ECF due to water following via osmosis
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Adrenal androgens
male sex hormones
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Addisons disease
reduced secretion in the adrenal gland
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mineralcorticoid def
can result in reduced ECF and death
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Cushings disease
increased secretion in the adrenal gland
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what does the adrenal cortex do

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sets metabolic type

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how many types of thyroid hormones

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where is the thyroid gland

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what is thyroid essential fro

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