1. How is the independent self different from the interdependent self?
The independent self is a capitalist perspective and the interdependent a socialist one.
The independent self, a western perspective is autonomous and moves within groups, interdependent self is communal and is stable within different contexts
The interdependent self, a western perspective is autonomous and moves within groups, independent self is communal and is stable within different contexts
The interdependent self is a capitalist perspective and the independent a socialist one.
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2. What did industrialisation mean for the Self?
That self understanding was scientifically orientated, pushed for a more scientific understanding of the world and influenced by political change.
The self was seen as an individual and autonomous entity, self reliance and individualism (capitalism) was emphasised and there was a shift from the communal self.
The purpose of the self was religion orientated and an emphasis was placed on fulfillment of life on earth >the afterlife.
The impossibility of complete self knowledge, the self emerges through conflict with unconscious forces which cannot be understood.
3. What is Markus and Kityama's view on the self?
A dynamic process in which the self arises, is changed by internalised societal values and becomes formalised into a discrete entity.
The self arises and is continously modified through the agent's interaction with society, a dynamic process with different cross-cultural significance.
An interactionist perspective where evolutionary factors and the current culture and environment have an effect on the drives of a person and the Self's different levels.
A cross-cultural perspective in which the self is modified through the agents interactions with different cultures.
4. What was Freud's view of the Self?
The mediation of basic instincts and drives through the pineal gland which houses the 'essence' of the self
The self as a reconciliation of unconscious forces that govern our concious experience. These are the Superego (internalisation of cultural norms), Ego (mediation of ID and reality) and ID (basic drives) which are in unconscious conflict.
The self = the soul (immaterial) which controls the 'machine' of the body through the pineal gland.
There are 3 types of self, it's constituents (The material/spiritual self), the feelings and emotions they arouse (self-feelings e.g self-dissatisfaction/complacency) and self-actions, the actions to which they prompt e.g self-preservation
5. What did a study by Kross et al (2013) find?
There is no correlation between facebook use, affect or life staisfaction
Facebook use predicts declines in affect and life satisfaction over time
Facebook use predicts increases in affect and life satisfaction over time
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