Back to quiz

6. What does Symbolic Interactionism proposed by Mead state?

  • An interactionist perspective where evolutionary factors and the current culture and environment have an effect on the drives of a person and the Self's different levels.
  • The self arises and is continously modified through the agent's interaction with society, a dynamic process with different cross-cultural significance.
  • A cross-cultural perspective in which the self is modified through the agents interactions with different cultures.
  • A dynamic process in which the self arises, is changed by internalised societal values and becomes formalised into a discrete entity.

7. What did industrialisation mean for the Self?

  • That self understanding was scientifically orientated, pushed for a more scientific understanding of the world and influenced by political change.
  • The impossibility of complete self knowledge, the self emerges through conflict with unconscious forces which cannot be understood.
  • The self was seen as an individual and autonomous entity, self reliance and individualism (capitalism) was emphasised and there was a shift from the communal self.
  • The purpose of the self was religion orientated and an emphasis was placed on fulfillment of life on earth >the afterlife.

8. How does fMRI work?

  • Detects K+ levels in the blood, as blood flows through the brain you can see neural activity in real time.
  • Detects amount of blood in one area of the brain, as blood flows through the brain you can see neural activity in real time.
  • Detects iron levels in the blood, as blood flows through the brain you can see neural activity in real time.
  • Detects haemoglobin levels in the blood, as blood flows through the brain you can see neural activity in real time.

9. What is Markus and Kityama's view on the self?

  • A cross-cultural perspective in which the self is modified through the agents interactions with different cultures.
  • An interactionist perspective where evolutionary factors and the current culture and environment have an effect on the drives of a person and the Self's different levels.
  • The self arises and is continously modified through the agent's interaction with society, a dynamic process with different cross-cultural significance.
  • A dynamic process in which the self arises, is changed by internalised societal values and becomes formalised into a discrete entity.

10. What is the main point(s) of the "Self as an illusion" argument?

  • The self is fiction and is used to give a narrative to random behaviour of humans.
  • We do not have a self at all, rather we have drives that are constrained by biology or societal norms. The 'self' is a post-hoc rationalisation of the chosen path
  • The 'self' is purely physiological and is the combination and reconciliation of X drives.
  • The self is outside the body and therefore does not materially exist, however it governs our drives and thoughts

11. What did Gallup's (1970) mirror test study show?

  • Chimps learned that it was not another chimp in the mirror, with this knowledge social responses decreased and self directed responses increased.
  • The length of time the chimp was exposed to the mirror had no affect on type of response
  • Chimps learned that it was not another chimp in the mirror, with this knowledge self directed responses decreased and social responses increased.
  • The longer the chimp was exposed to the mirror the more the social responses increased

12. In the history of the self, what is Secularisation?

  • The self was seen as an individual and autonomous entity, self reliance and individualism (capitalism) was emphasised and there was a shift from the communal self.
  • The impossibility of complete self knowledge, the self emerges through conflict with unconscious forces which cannot be understood.
  • The purpose of the self was religion orientated and an emphasis was placed on fulfillment of life on earth >the afterlife.
  • That self understanding was scientifically orientated, pushed for a more scientific understanding of the world and influenced by political change.

13. What was Freud's view of the Self?

  • There are 3 types of self, it's constituents (The material/spiritual self), the feelings and emotions they arouse (self-feelings e.g self-dissatisfaction/complacency) and self-actions, the actions to which they prompt e.g self-preservation
  • The self as a reconciliation of unconscious forces that govern our concious experience. These are the Superego (internalisation of cultural norms), Ego (mediation of ID and reality) and ID (basic drives) which are in unconscious conflict.
  • The mediation of basic instincts and drives through the pineal gland which houses the 'essence' of the self
  • The self = the soul (immaterial) which controls the 'machine' of the body through the pineal gland.

14. What was William James' view of the Self?

  • The mediation of basic instincts and drives through the pineal gland which houses the 'essence' of the self
  • There are 3 types of self, it's constituents (The material/spiritual self), the feelings and emotions they arouse (self-feelings e.g self-dissatisfaction/complacency) and self-actions, the actions to which they prompt e.g self-preservation
  • The self as a reconciliation of unconcious forces that govern our behaviour.
  • The self = the soul (immaterial) which controls the 'machine' of the body through the pineal gland.

15. How is the independent self different from the interdependent self?

  • The independent self is a capitalist perspective and the interdependent a socialist one.
  • The independent self, a western perspective is autonomous and moves within groups, interdependent self is communal and is stable within different contexts
  • The interdependent self, a western perspective is autonomous and moves within groups, independent self is communal and is stable within different contexts
  • The interdependent self is a capitalist perspective and the independent a socialist one.

16. What were Freud's general views on the Self?

  • The purpose of the self was religion orientated and an emphasis was placed on fulfillment of life on earth >the afterlife.
  • The impossibility of complete self knowledge, the self emerges through conflict with unconscious forces which cannot be understood.
  • The self was seen as an individual and autonomous entity, self reliance and individualism (capitalism) was emphasised and there was a shift from the communal self.
  • That self understanding was scientifically orientated, pushed for a more scientific understanding of the world and influenced by political change.

17. What did a study by Kross et al (2013) find?

  • There is no correlation between facebook use, affect or life staisfaction
  • Facebook use predicts declines in affect and life satisfaction over time
  • Facebook use predicts increases in affect and life satisfaction over time