Sports unit 3

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  • Created by: Chloe
  • Created on: 21-01-20 21:04
3 views on motivation?
Trait based view, Situation based view, Interactional view.
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Trait based view.
Motivation based on individual characteristics - personality, goals, beliefs, needs.
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Situation based view.
Motivation influenced by the situation, such as might want to go for a run but not for competitive racing.
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Interactional view.
Motivation is an interaction between trait based and situation based.
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Achievement motivation model, McCelland-Atkinson.
Two factors determine achievement motivation - motive to achieve success and motive to avoid failure. So, if motive to achieve success is stronger than the motive to avoid failure then the person will engage.
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Achievement goal theory, Duda and Hall, 2001.
Suggests there is an interaction between achievement goals, perceived ability and achievement behaviour to determine motivation. Some athletes may be primarily competitive orientated but others may be mastery orientated.
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Competence Motivation theory, Harter, 1988.
Argues that humans are fundamentally motivated to feel competent and worthwhile. Hence this with perceptions of control result in emotional states (anxiety, enjoyment, guilt) that affect motivation.
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Motivation can be considered in terms of...
Direction (goals set to be achieved) and Intensity (how much effort gets put in)
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5 Vital aspects of motivation.
1. Incentives 2. Intrinsic 3. Extrinsic 4. Confidence and efficacy 5. Attributes and beliefs
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What are incentives?
The reward that a person achieves in relation to engaging.
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Motivation guidelines for coaches.
1. Consider trait and situation motives. 2. Understand a person's multiple motives. 3. Change the environment to improve motivation. 4. Communicate your intentions. 5. Use behaviour modification.
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Relation between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Can be a mix, need to be liked is intrinsic but being liked is extrinsic. We have theories suggesting that extrinsic rewards can reduce levels of intrinsic motivation.
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Competing response theory, Reiss and Suchinsky, 1976.
Referring to a response which interferes with actions that lead to enjoyment. Introducing an extrinsic reward to an enjoyable activity could be distracting and impair performance.
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Overjustification Hypothesis.
The reduction of intrinsic motivation due to the individual believing the activity is being engaged in to achieve the reward. Belief that the behaviour is externally motivated instead of intrinsically motivated.
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Cognitive evaluation theory, Deci and Ryan, 1985.
People want to be in control of their lives. If a reward is believed to contribute to controlling a behaviour then it may damage intrinsic interest.
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Self confidence 2 parts.
Dispositional and Situation Specific.
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Dispositional self confidence.
General self confidence over a range of situations.
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Situation specific self confidence.
Current state of confidence in relation to a particular situation. A sports performer's belief that they have the skills to succeed in that particular situation. SELF EFFICACY.
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3 Components of self efficacy.
Level (expected performance), Strength (certainty of expectation of success), Generality (range of domains to which it applies)
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4 things self efficacy is predicted by... AVVE
Performance accomplishments, Vicarious experience, Verbal persuasion, Emotional arousal.
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Performance accomplishments.
Past successes/failures. More success they have had at a task will make someone believe they have the ability to succeed.
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Vicarious experience.
Viewing and comparing performances of others. Modelling. "If they can, I can."
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Verbal persuasion.
Third parties convince a performer they have the skills to succeed. Self talk.
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Emotional arousal.
Current physiological state - nervous, tension, butterflies - my interpret this as not good enough.
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Attribution Theory, Heider 1958.
People make great efforts to understand, explain and predict things that happen to give a sense of stability. Main dimensions, internal/external, stability and locus of control (person's beliefs about internal and external causes of what happens)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Trait based view.

Back

Motivation based on individual characteristics - personality, goals, beliefs, needs.

Card 3

Front

Situation based view.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Interactional view.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Achievement motivation model, McCelland-Atkinson.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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