Sociology Basics

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What is culture?
all those things that are learned and shared by a society or group of people and transmitted from generation to generation. Different groups may have their own subculture that vary significantly from the mainstream culture.
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What are Values?
general principles or goals, they tell us what is good and what we should aim for.
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What are norms?
Specific rules that govern behaviour in particular situations.
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What are sanctions?
anything that encourages people to conform to norms, they are a form of social control
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What is socialisation?
learning all the things that are necessary for us to be accepted as full members of society.
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When does Primary Socialisation take place?
takes place in the early years of life and occurs largely within the family, where we learn language, basic skills and norms.
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When does Secondary Socialisation take place?
takes place later, at school and in wider society. It introduces us to the more impersonal adult world.
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What is status?
position in society
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Ascribed status
based on fixed characteristics that we are born with and cannot normally change.
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Achieved status
achieved through our own efforts.
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What is the structural view?
sees us as entirely shaped by the structure of society, behaving to society’s norms and expectations. It is described as a macro approach because it focuses on how wider society influences us.
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What is the Social Action View?
sees us as having free will and choice. It emphasises the power of individuals to create society through their actions and interactions. Described as micro approach as it focuses on individuals.
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How do functionalists view society?
Functionalists see society is held together by a shared culture into which all its members are socialised. It is a consensus theory. It also see society as like a human body, where parts fit together and depend on one another. – Human Analogy.
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How do Marxists view society?
Marxists see society as class conflict as society is divided into two social classes – the Bourgeoisies and the Proletariat. The Bourgeoisies exploit the workers and profit from their labour. This exploitation breeds class conflict, which Karl Marx b
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How do Feminists view society?
Feminists regard society and its institutions as patriarchal. For example they see the family as unequal and oppressive, with women doing most of the housework and childcare.
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What do Postmodernists argue? Can you think of a critic?
Postmodernist argue that we are now living a postmodern society, where society is fragmented (splintered) into a wide variety of different groups. This diversity gives individuals greater freedom to ‘pick and mix’ their identities from a wide variety
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are Values?

Back

general principles or goals, they tell us what is good and what we should aim for.

Card 3

Front

What are norms?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are sanctions?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is socialisation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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