Social influence

what is conformity

a change in someones behaviour or opinions as the result of a real or imagined pressure from a person or group

1 of 40

what are the types of conformity

internalisation- a deep type of conformity take on the majoritys views because we assume it is correct permanent change in behaviour even in the absence of the influencers identification- moderate conform to the behaviour/opinions in order to fit in

2 of 40

what are the two explanations for conformity

informational social influence- isi agree with the majority because we believe that they are correct so we accept it in order to also be correct- could lead to internalisation normative social influence- nsi agree because we want to be accepted, gai

3 of 40

evaluate informational social influence

research support for isi- lucas et al 2006 students answer maths problems either easy or difficult more difficult- more conformity to incorrect answers than with easy students who rated maths low ability- more liekly to conform supports we conform

4 of 40

evaluate the limitations of normative social influence

individual differences in nsi dosent affect same way, personality, desire to be liked asch students less confomrity 28 than other ppts 37

5 of 40

outline asch's research into conformity

p- 123 male american undergrads m- showed ppts 2 white cards 1x standard line 1x comparison line choice of three comaprison lines one matched the standard others were substantially wrong ppt asked match each ppt tested naively group 8 confederates n

6 of 40

outline the variations of asch's research into conformity

group size 3 confederates c rose to 31.8% c increased with g size up until a certain point then it plateud unanimity presence of another non-conformist 15% conformity infleunce of majority dependant on unity task difficulty more similiar in length

7 of 40

evaluate asch's study

child of its time perrin and spencer 1980 replicated engineering students uk 396 trials only 1 studmet conformed more confident-less conformist asch mcarythism- not consistent artificual task and stimuli dc not generalisable to daily life limited a

8 of 40

outline zimbardo's study into conformity into social roles

p mock prison stanford advertised volunteers randomly allocated roles realism heightened by being arrested at home priosners 16 rules guards enforced in groups of 3 number-names f day 1- 1 p released signs disturbance 2 days- rebels shouting/ rippi

9 of 40

evaluate the strengths zimbardo's research

control random allocation rule out individual personalty traits explain findings

10 of 40

evaluate the limitations of zimbardos research

lack of realism banuaziz 1975 argued play-acting not conforming based on stereotypes of supposed e.g. one gurad claimed based role brutal character film 'cool hand luke' however quantative data during 90% convos about prison life e.g. prisoner 416 c

11 of 40

what is obedience

form of social influence p follows direct order of authority figure

12 of 40

outline milgrams research

p 40 male volunteers 20-50 years decieved memory study confederate mr wallace- confederate- experimenter wore lab coat learner ppt-teacher instructed increasingly severe electric shocks each time made mistake tast 15 v rose through 30 levels to 450 v

13 of 40

evaluate the strengths of milgrams research

good external validity m argued accuratey reflected wider authority relationships in real life supported by evidence hofling et al 1966 nurses hospital ward 21/22 unjustified demands of doctors shows can be generalised supporting replication by a fr

14 of 40

evaluate the limitations of milgrams research

low internal validity orne and holland 1968 argued knew it was setup ginna perry 2013 analysed tapes confirmed this however sheridan and king replicated on puppies- 54% male 100% female beoieved real m reported 70% believed real ethics deception al

15 of 40

outline the variations of milgrams research

situational variables- external factors that infleunces level of obedience proximity- the phsyical closeness between the e and t as well as the t and l baseline (original study) ajoining rooms obedience 65% variation same room 40% touch proximity (

16 of 40

evaluate variations of milgrams research

s research support field experiment by bickman 1974 3 confederates security, milkman, jacket and tie street to passersbye supports m's conclusion uniform is a iation factor elicits obedience high level of control systematically altered one variable

17 of 40

what are two explanations for obedience

1. agentic state 2. legitemacy of authority

18 of 40

outline agentic state

agentic state- dont feel reposnsible for behaviour as acting for authority autonomous state- feels responable for actions agentic shift- shif from autonomy to agentic - milgram says this occurs de to a person seeing the authority as being higher up

19 of 40

outline legitimacy of authority

explanation more likely obey authority figure justified due to place in social hierarchy

20 of 40

evaluate legitimacy of authority

s research support blass and schmitt 2001 showed film of m to students asking who was respnsable harm mr lerner due to experimenter and supports that cause of obedience cultural variations many countries differ in the degree traditionally obedient

21 of 40

what is an authoritarian personality

type of personality adorno argued especially suseptable obeying authority as submissive to high status and dismisssive to inferiors dispositional explanation- obedience due to personality

22 of 40

outline research into authoritarian personalities

p adorno et al 1950 investigated causes disobedience 2000 white m/c amerians tested on their unconscious attitudes to other racial gorups measured using several scales including f scale (potential for fascism scale) e.g. obedience and respect most

23 of 40

what is the origins of an authoritarian personality

childhood of strict discipline and conditional love - creates resentment and hostility in the child as they cant express these feelings towards their parents these fears are displaced onto others who are percieved as weaker in a process of scapegoati

24 of 40

evaluate the authoritarian personality

s research support milgram and elms 1966 conducted interviews small sample fully obedient ppts who scored highly on f-scale some link however merely correlation between 2 measured variables so not accurate could be due to third factor such as lower e

25 of 40

what is the definition of resistance to social influence

withstands social pressure to conform to majority or obey authority influenced by both situational and dispositional factors

26 of 40

what are two explanations for resistance to social influence

social support and locus of control

27 of 40

how does asch's research support the concept of social support

aschs study obedinece 65% to 10% when genuine ppt joined by disobedient confederate who acts as a 'model' to show that resistance is possible or ppt to copy that allows him to act according to his own conscious

28 of 40

outline locus of control

definition- sense that we all inhibit about what directs events in our lives internals believe they are responsable ( intenral loc) whereas externals believe external forces ( external loc)

29 of 40

what is meant by internal loc

internal loc- more likely to resist social influence as feel personaly repsonsable base decisions on own beliefs also more confident personality traits

30 of 40

evaluate loc

research support that links intenral loc and resistance to obedience holland 1967 repeated m's basleline study plus measured if ppts were intenrals/externals 37% of internals did not continue to highest shock level compared to 23% externals who did

31 of 40

what is minority influence

form of social influence in which a minority of ppl persuade others to adopt their beliefs, attitudes, behaviours leads to internalisation type of conformity

32 of 40

what are the factors that lead to minority influence

consistency- most effective when minority keeps the same beliefs draws attention to minorities view includes synchronic consistency ( all memebrs of minority say same thing) or diachronic consistency ( say same thing over time) makes rehtink own view

33 of 40

what is the snowball effect

graudally the number of people switch from majority to minority position

34 of 40

evaluate the strengths of minority influence

research evidence for consistency moscovici et al study - demosntrated minority influence group of 6 ppts viewed set of 36 blue-coloured slides varying in instensity askd state if blue or green in ecah group 2 confederates consistently said green on

35 of 40

evaluate the limitations of minority influence

artificial tasks lines/ identifying colours different to how minorities challenge behaviour lack external valdiity so limited use in what they can tell us about minority influence in real-life limited real- world application

36 of 40

what is social change

when whole societies ( not just individuals whcih is social influence) adopt new beliefs behaviours

37 of 40

how can lessons from conformity be used in the real world

lessons form conformity- normative social influence - role models in adverts lessons from obedience- gradual change- once one behaviour is doen is becomes more difficult to resist another one e.g. zimbardo/milgram

38 of 40

how can you test susceptbality to social influence experiment

1 loc sale to see intenral/ external 2 create own scale to see susceptbailoty to social influence e.g. different scenarios must be quantifyable e.g. likely-unlikely 3 response bias- mix up the directions of the items 4 ethical issues confidentality

39 of 40

how can you test social influence an dlifestyle chocies

1 design a semi-structured intrewis ( contains quetsions but enables for follow up quetsions) with open ended quetsions base questions on types of conformity 2 select ppt 3 ethical considerations 4 analyse data

40 of 40

Get Revising

Social influence

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Similar Anthropology resources:

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Related discussions on The Student Room

Similar Anthropology resources: