Skeletal System

Axial Skeleton

cranium, sternun, ribs and vertebral column

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Appendicular Skeleton

scapula, clavicle, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, phalanges etc

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Funtion of the Skeleton

Support, Movement, Shape, Protection, Blood cell production, Storage of minerals

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Types of Bones

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, Sesamoid

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Long Bones

longer then they are wide, produce blood cells, hard and dense, provide strength and structure (Femur, Tibia, Humerus)

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Short Bones

small and compact, designed for weight bearing and strenght, used for support (Carpals/wrists, tarsals/ankles)

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Flat Bones

attach muscles, protect vital organs, provide movement (cranium, pelvis sternum)

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Irregular Bones

provide protection, provide skeletal muscle attachment, thin outer layer of compact bone (mandible, vertbrae, sacrum)

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Articular Cartilage

Smooth/white tissue, covers ensds of bones where they form joints, reduces friction, can be worn away

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Synovial Fluid

Viscous, found in the cavities of synovial joints, reduce friction between cartilage during movement

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Bursa

Fluid filled sac lined by a synovial membrane, has an inner capillary layer of viscous fluid, and it provides a cushion between bones and tendons and muscles and joints

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Hyaline Cartilage

Transulcent cartilage found in joints, foud as supportive tissue in the nose, ears, trachea etc

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Menisci

Half mood shaped wedge like cushion, it lies between the knee joints, it allows your weiht to be equally distributed across the bones

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Joint Capsule

Forms a protective fluid called synovial fliud that it located within the joints space of synovial joints

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Synovial Membrane

a thin membrane that combines with the fibrous membrane to form the joint capsule

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Ligaments

joins bones to bones, it is a tough, fibrous tissuent. provide joint stability, and prrevent movement that might damage a joint.

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Tendons

Joint muscle to bones and can resist high force, it is dense, regularly arranged collagenous tissue and is made up of fibers, cells of various shapes and ground substance.

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joint movement

flexion, extension, rotation, lateral rotation, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, circumduction, adduction, abduction

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flexion - Bending the limbs at a joint.

extension - straightening limbs at a joint

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adduction - movement towards the midling of the body

abduction - Movement away from the mid-line of the body

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circumduction - movement of a limb extending from the joint (e.g. shoulder or hip) at which the movement is controlled, allows for 360 degrees of movement.

rotation - a circular movement around a fixed point

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medial rotation - movement of the limbs around their long axis, it is a rotational movement towards the midline

lateral rotation - is a rotating movement away from the midline

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pronation - the natural side-to-side movement of the foot as you walk or run. The foot rolls inward with each step. From the time your heel strikes the ground, your arch begins to flatten and cu

supination - rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces forward or upward, also a corresponding movement of the foot and leg in which the foot rolls outward with an elevated arch

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dorsi flexion - the backward flexion (bending), as of the hand or foot

plantar flexion - is the motion of your foot downwards at your ankle,

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structure of the vertebral column -

function of the vertebral column - protection of the spinal cord; it also provides stiffening for the body and attachment for the pectoral and pelvic girdles and many muscles. it also transmits body weight in walking and

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synovial joints

filled with synovial fluid, allow complete movement

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slightly moveable joints

only allow a certain amount of movements, joined by a tough fibrous cartilage which provides stability and the absorption of shock

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fixed joints

allow no observable movement, often joined by strong fibres called sutures

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impact of physcial activity on the skeletal system

short term -increases amount of synovial liquid, keeping joints healthy, stop cartilage from drying out and keep cartilage lubricated and nourished

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Skeletal System

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Other cards in this set

Card 2

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Card 3

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Card 4

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Back

Card 5

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Back

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