Science Revision Test 1:Atoms,Elements,Compounds
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- Created by: Alwin.E
- Created on: 05-10-22 18:28
Atoms
Atoms are far too small to see with our eyes, or even with a normal microscope.
There is a special type of strong microscope called an electron microscope that allows us to see their outline though.
There is a special type of strong microscope called an electron microscope that allows us to see their outline though.
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The Atomic Model
Atoms were discovered by a scientist called John Dalton.
There are lots of different types of atom, which all have different names.
We often show different atoms by giving them different colours in a diagram.
There are lots of different types of atom, which all have different names.
We often show different atoms by giving them different colours in a diagram.
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Periodic Table
All the different types of atom are listed in the periodic table.
There are over 100 different atoms, and so over 100 different elements. Some examples of elements are:
Oxygen is made up of only oxygen atoms.
Silver is made up of only silver atoms.
Copper
There are over 100 different atoms, and so over 100 different elements. Some examples of elements are:
Oxygen is made up of only oxygen atoms.
Silver is made up of only silver atoms.
Copper
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Elements
All the atoms in an element are identical in mass and properties.
Elements can be solid, liquid or gas.
It doesn’t matter what the physical state is, as long as all the atoms are identical.
Elements can be solid, liquid or gas.
It doesn’t matter what the physical state is, as long as all the atoms are identical.
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Compounds
A compound is when the different atoms are joined or linked together. It is difficult to separate the different atoms because they are glued together in a ‘chemical bond’.
Examples of compounds include:
Carbon dioxide (carbon and oxygen elements joined).
Examples of compounds include:
Carbon dioxide (carbon and oxygen elements joined).
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Mixtures
A mixture is when the different atoms are not joined together.
So the different atoms can be separated.
Imagine a bag of skittles:
All the different flavours can be separated into piles because they are just mixed in the bag, not joined together.
So the different atoms can be separated.
Imagine a bag of skittles:
All the different flavours can be separated into piles because they are just mixed in the bag, not joined together.
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Atoms and Molecules
Atom=?
Molecule=?
Element=?
Compound=?
Mixture=?
Atom=?
Molecule=?
Element=?
Compound=?
Mixture=?
Atom=Smallest part of a substance
Molecule=Group of atoms joined together
Element=Atom or molecule which are all the same atoms
Compounds=Molecules which are made of different atoms
Mixtures=Two or more elements which can be separated(except if there was
Molecule=Group of atoms joined together
Element=Atom or molecule which are all the same atoms
Compounds=Molecules which are made of different atoms
Mixtures=Two or more elements which can be separated(except if there was
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When two elements bond, what are they called?
Magnesium+Oxygen
Iron+Sulphur
Calcium+Fluorine
Potassium+Iodine
Zinc+Chlorine
Magnesium+Oxygen
Iron+Sulphur
Calcium+Fluorine
Potassium+Iodine
Zinc+Chlorine
Magnesium Oxide
Iron Sulphide
Calcium Fluoride
Potassium Iodide
Zinc Chloride
It starts with the first word then it cuts some bit out of the second word and replaces it with -ide.
Iron Sulphide
Calcium Fluoride
Potassium Iodide
Zinc Chloride
It starts with the first word then it cuts some bit out of the second word and replaces it with -ide.
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-All atoms are elements
-Some Element are molecules(vice versa)
-All compounds are molecules
-Mixtures don't combine with anything
-Some Element are molecules(vice versa)
-All compounds are molecules
-Mixtures don't combine with anything
-All atoms are elements
-Some Element are molecules(vice versa)
-All compounds are molecules
-Mixtures don't combine with anything
-Some Element are molecules(vice versa)
-All compounds are molecules
-Mixtures don't combine with anything
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What does magnesium sulphate mean?
Magnesium sulphate is Magnesium,Sulphur,Oxygen
If it ends with -ate instead of -ide, then there is also oxygen in it
Works with most compounds
If it ends with -ate instead of -ide, then there is also oxygen in it
Works with most compounds
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Symbols
Every element has a symbol, which is shown on the periodic table.
Some symbols are just one letter, some are two. The first letter is always a capital. If there is a second letter, it is always lower case.
E.g.
Hydrogen is ‘H’.
Helium is ‘He’.
Magnesium i
Some symbols are just one letter, some are two. The first letter is always a capital. If there is a second letter, it is always lower case.
E.g.
Hydrogen is ‘H’.
Helium is ‘He’.
Magnesium i
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These are Element Symbols:
NH3
NE
C
NH3
NE
C
When there are brackets and a small number
Ca(OH)³
This means to times all the elements in the brackets by the number
Ca(OH)³
This means to times all the elements in the brackets by the number
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Odd Symbols
Usually, the chemical symbol relates to the element's name. But some are completely different.
E.g.
Potassium is ‘K’.
Sodium is ‘Na’.
Gold is ‘Au’.
Copper is ‘Cu’.
E.g.
Potassium is ‘K’.
Sodium is ‘Na’.
Gold is ‘Au’.
Copper is ‘Cu’.
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Paired Atoms
Some gas elements have atoms that travel as single atoms, whereas other gas elements have atoms that travel in pairs.
If atoms travel around in pairs, then we put a little ‘2’ at the bottom to show there are two atoms that are joined together.
The element
If atoms travel around in pairs, then we put a little ‘2’ at the bottom to show there are two atoms that are joined together.
The element
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Formulae
The formulae for compounds are written by putting the element symbols together in a line with no gaps between them.
Because all compounds are made of elements, this is always the case.
Because all compounds are made of elements, this is always the case.
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Carbon Dioxide
Water
Ammonia
calcium Oxide
Copper Sulphate
Calcium Hydroxide
Water
Ammonia
calcium Oxide
Copper Sulphate
Calcium Hydroxide
(~=small subscript 4)
(³=small subscript 3)
(#=small subscript 2)
CO#
H#0
NH³
CaO
CuSo~
Ca(OH)2
(³=small subscript 3)
(#=small subscript 2)
CO#
H#0
NH³
CaO
CuSo~
Ca(OH)2
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Exothermic reactions=?
Endothermic reactions=?
Endothermic reactions=?
Exothermic reactions are reactions giving out energy which makes the surroundings hotter
Endothermic reactions are reactions giving out energy which makes the surrounding colder.
Endothermic reactions are reactions giving out energy which makes the surrounding colder.
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What gases are in our atmosphere and how much is there?
78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
0.9% Argon
0.1% other gases
21% Oxygen
0.9% Argon
0.1% other gases
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What is the fire triangle?
The fire triangle is the three things needed to keep a fire burning.
The three thing are fuel, heat energy and oxygen. If one things is taken, the flame will go out(not instantly).
The three thing are fuel, heat energy and oxygen. If one things is taken, the flame will go out(not instantly).
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Change of State
A change of state is when a substance is heated or cooled, which causes the particles to move faster or slower and take a different arrangement in space.
When a substance changes state the number of particles stays the same.
If you count the particles at
When a substance changes state the number of particles stays the same.
If you count the particles at
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Metals
The word metal comes from the Latin word metallum, which means to mine or quarry.
There are 91 metals on the periodic table.
All except mercury are solid at room temperature.
The two most common metals found in the Earth’s crust are Aluminium and Iron.
There are 91 metals on the periodic table.
All except mercury are solid at room temperature.
The two most common metals found in the Earth’s crust are Aluminium and Iron.
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Metal Uses
Metals are used widely because of their interesting and useful properties.
Aluminium is used in making aircraft as it is very lightweight.
Gold and Silver is used in making jewellery.
Copper is used in electrical wiring as it is a good conductor of electr
Aluminium is used in making aircraft as it is very lightweight.
Gold and Silver is used in making jewellery.
Copper is used in electrical wiring as it is a good conductor of electr
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Metal properties
Metals generally have the following properties:
Shiny (lustrous) – so useful in jewellery.
Strong – used as building materials.
Malleable – so they can be made into different shapes.
Sonorous (ring when hit) – used in bells.
Shiny (lustrous) – so useful in jewellery.
Strong – used as building materials.
Malleable – so they can be made into different shapes.
Sonorous (ring when hit) – used in bells.
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Metal properties 2
Good heat conductor – used in saucepans.
Good electrical conductor – for electrical wires.
Ductile – made into wires easily.
Magnetic – iron, nickel and cobalt are the only magnetic metals.
Solid – only mercury isn't solid at room temperature.
High densit
Good electrical conductor – for electrical wires.
Ductile – made into wires easily.
Magnetic – iron, nickel and cobalt are the only magnetic metals.
Solid – only mercury isn't solid at room temperature.
High densit
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Non-metals
One-quarter of the elements on the periodic table are non-metals.
Between the 17 elements, they can be all three states of matter.
Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe. Helium is the second most common.
Between the 17 elements, they can be all three states of matter.
Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe. Helium is the second most common.
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Non-metal uses
Oxygen – a reactant used in respiration.
Carbon – can be used as a fuel (coal), pencil ‘lead’ (graphite) and also composes diamonds.
Chlorine – used in cleaning products.
Fluorine – used in toothpaste.
Nitrogen – used in fertilisers.
Carbon – can be used as a fuel (coal), pencil ‘lead’ (graphite) and also composes diamonds.
Chlorine – used in cleaning products.
Fluorine – used in toothpaste.
Nitrogen – used in fertilisers.
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Non-metal properties
Good insulators – they do not conduct heat or electricity well. This is useful for keeping us warm and protecting us from electrical wiring.
Brittle – They will break apart and so cannot be hammered into shape.
None are magnetic (apart from carbon)
They h
Brittle – They will break apart and so cannot be hammered into shape.
None are magnetic (apart from carbon)
They h
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Atoms were discovered by a scientist called John Dalton.
There are lots of different types of atom, which all have different names.
We often show different atoms by giving them different colours in a diagram.
There are lots of different types of atom, which all have different names.
We often show different atoms by giving them different colours in a diagram.
Back
The Atomic Model
Card 3
Front
All the different types of atom are listed in the periodic table.
There are over 100 different atoms, and so over 100 different elements. Some examples of elements are:
Oxygen is made up of only oxygen atoms.
Silver is made up of only silver atoms.
Copper
There are over 100 different atoms, and so over 100 different elements. Some examples of elements are:
Oxygen is made up of only oxygen atoms.
Silver is made up of only silver atoms.
Copper
Back
Card 4
Front
All the atoms in an element are identical in mass and properties.
Elements can be solid, liquid or gas.
It doesn’t matter what the physical state is, as long as all the atoms are identical.
Elements can be solid, liquid or gas.
It doesn’t matter what the physical state is, as long as all the atoms are identical.
Back
Card 5
Front
A compound is when the different atoms are joined or linked together. It is difficult to separate the different atoms because they are glued together in a ‘chemical bond’.
Examples of compounds include:
Carbon dioxide (carbon and oxygen elements joined).
Examples of compounds include:
Carbon dioxide (carbon and oxygen elements joined).
Back
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