S2W9 Control of energy (FS)

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What are some processes involved in the absorptive state?
After a meal
Insulin is the primary hormone, increases the uptake of glucose by all body cells, reducing blood glucose concentration.
In adipose cells insulin stimulates the lipid storage.
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What are some processes involved in the post absorptive state?
No nutrients enter the bloodstream, so sugar conc in the blood drops this stimulates the pabcreas to stop releasing insulin and to release glucagon.
This stimulates the breakdown of glycogen, proteins and to release stored lipids.
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What is the glucagon receptor?
GPCR - Gs coupled
Enzyme cascade activated results in glycogen being converted to glucose.
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What is the insulin receptor?
Tyrosine kinase
Stimulates translocation of GLUT4 vesicles to membrane.
GLUT4 is a glucose transporter.
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What is glycolysis?
When glucose is broken down into two pyruvate
This happens in the cytoplasm and pyruvate then enters the mitochondria
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What is aerobic metabolism?
High oxygen capacity where lots of ATP is produced through oxidative phosphorylation (28 ATP) per glucose
The citric acid cycle produces 2 ATP aswell as glycolysis producing 2 ATP (total of 32 ATP per glucose).
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What is anaerobic metabolism?
When no oxygen is present pyruvate is fermented into lactate.
Lactate is transferred to the liver and gluconeogenesis occurs.
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How are fats metabolised in the body?
Stored as triglycerides and broken down into one glycerol and three fatty acids
Glycerol then enters the glycolysis pathway.
Fatty acids undergo beta oxidation to form acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle, ketogenesis occurs, insulin is regu
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Card 2

Front

What are some processes involved in the post absorptive state?

Back

No nutrients enter the bloodstream, so sugar conc in the blood drops this stimulates the pabcreas to stop releasing insulin and to release glucagon.
This stimulates the breakdown of glycogen, proteins and to release stored lipids.

Card 3

Front

What is the glucagon receptor?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the insulin receptor?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is glycolysis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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