PPD - Motivation

• Cognitive decision making process through which goal directed behaviour is initiated, energised, directed & maintained. 

• Motive -----> To move

• Motivation can't be observed, behaviour can

• Everyone different ---> i.e. diff reasons to get out of bed 

• People concerned w/ how to get people to act/move
• Individs struggle to find energy they need to mobilise efford
• Need motivation in every sphere of life

Goals (content theories) 

• View motivation as desired outcome/goal
• Explains/predicts behaviour by drives/needs

Decision (process theories) 

• Motivation is cognitive drcision making process that influences choices/goals
• Differences in people

Influence (job enrichment theories) 

• View motivation as a social influence process

Intrinsic

• Exists within individual
• Feelings of satisfaction, competence, self-esteem & accomplishment 

Extrinsic

• Motivation from external factors
• Rewards, promotion, pay rise, recognition

• Understand motivation --> Influence Behaviour
• Motivated work force = successful organisation

Reade (2003)  Motivational work factors:

• Enjoyment
• Friendly colleagues
• Earning enough
• Passion for industry
• Good location
• Social life

• Drive to Acquire - obtain goods, develop social status
• Drive to Bond - form connection w/ others
• Drive to Comprehend - satisfy curiousity, master environment
• Drive to Defend - Protect from threats, promote justice 

Manager can influence by: 

• Acquire ---> Reward System
• Bond ----> Culture 
• Comprehend ---> Job design
• Defend ----> Performance Management

• Physiological Needs - Salary, working environment
• Safety Needs - Working conditions, job security
• Social Needs - Team atmosphere, friendly supervision
• Esteem Needs - Job titile, recognition of achievements 
• Self Actualisation -  Opportunities for creativity/growth/promotion

Innate desirre to work way up

Leaders should meet lower need to allow people to progress

Reduces Maslow to 3 needs

• Existence - first two levels
• Relatedness - Social needs/external esteem
• Growth - Internal esteem/self actualisation

Humans need to be satisfied in all 3 areas 

Not possible - energy doubled in another area

Unconscious process, based on personality & develop w/ environement interaction - 1 need is dominant. 

• Need for Achievement - Concern for excellence = internal locus of control, self confidence, high energy, goal orientated, seek challenges
• Need for Power - Concern for influencing others/seeking authority = dominance, enjoy competition, low affiliation need
• Need for Affiliation - Concern for developing/maintain/restoring close personal relationships = sensitivity, need to be liked, enjoys social activities, concerned about others thoughts

• Even return for our efforts
• Motivated when perceived input = output
• We make comparisons w/ others
• Motivated to act in situations seen as unfair
• Higher inequality = Higher reaction

Motivation influenced by

• Goal Difficulty
• Goal Security
• Knowledge of Results

Motivational Technique!!!

• Challenging goals = Higher performance
• Sense of purpose
• Clear expectations
• Increased commitment

Factors in work cause

• Job Satisfaction
• Job Dissatisfaction

Motivation Factors

• Aspects of work lead to satisfaction, motivation & performance
• I.e. achievement, advancement, growth, recognition

Hygiene Factors

• Aspects of work that remove dissatisfaction
• Don't contribute to motivation/performance = Pay, security, working conditions