Rivers and Coasts

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  • Created by: aw698
  • Created on: 15-12-16 18:53
Evaporation
water turning into water vapour
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Evapotranspiration
the sum of evaporation from the Earth's surface together with the transpiration of plants
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Groundwater flow
when water in rock flows downhill
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Infiltration
when water soaks into the soil
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Percolation
when water moves vertically down through soil and rock
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Throughflow
when water in soil flows downhill
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Surface runoff
when water flows overground
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Channel flow
flow of water in a river
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Channel storage
when water is held in a river
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Groundwater storage
when water is stored underground in soil or rock
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Interception storage
when water lands on things like plant leaves and doesn't hit the ground
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Surface storage
when water is held in lakes, reservoirs and puddles
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Sustainable
capable of existing in the long-term
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Transpiration
loss of moisture from plants
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Water table
the upper level of underground water
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Saturation
when the soil is full of moisture
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Stem flow
water running down stems and branches
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Leaf trip
water dripping down from the canopy
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Drainage basin
an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries
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Source
where a river starts
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Confluence
is a point where two or more river channels meet
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Tributary
smaller river that joins a main river
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Watershed
a boundary of high ridges of land which separates drainage basins
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Estuary
part of a river that is tidal
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Mouth
where a river flows into the sea or lake
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Weathering
the breakdown of rocks caused by the action of the weather, plants, animals and chemical processes
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Freeze-thaw weathering
a type of mechanical weathering, where the water gets into the cracks of the rocks; the water freezes and expands. When the water thaws it contracts releasing the pressure on the rock and widens the crack causing it to break up the rocks.
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Chemical weathering
the breakdown of rock by changing its chemical composition. Example rocks dissolved by acidic rain.
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Biological weathering
the breakdown of rocks by living things. E.g. plant roots grow into the cracks and breaks up the rocks
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Hydraulic action
the force of the water against the river banks causes them to collapse
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Corrasion
where eroded rocks are picked up by the river and rub against the river bank, wearing it away
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Attrition
where eroded rocks are picked up the river and smash/collide into each other and break into smaller fragments in smoother shapes
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Corrosion
the river water dissolves some types of rocks, e.g limestone
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Transportation
the movement of eroded material
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Traction
where large particles of rocks, i.e boulders, are PUSHED along the river bed by the force of the water
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Saltation
pebble-sized particles that bounce along the river bed by the force of the water
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Suspension
small particles of rock that are carried in the flow of the water
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Solution
dissolved minerals carried by the water
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Deposition
when a river drops eroded material
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Why does deposition occur?
As the velocity of the water decreases. A reduction in the volume of water. The amount of eroded material increases. The river reaches its mouth.
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Hyrdro-electricity
Electricity produced by flowing water
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Lateral Erosion
erosion of the sides of a valley
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Vertical erosion
downward erosion of a river bed
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Delta
An area of low-lying land where the river breaks into many distributaries before it reaches the sea
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Flood plain
The wide valley floor on either sides of a river, where it occasionally floods
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Meanders
Large bends in a river
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Levees
Natural embankments caused by the build up of eroded material along the edges of a river channel from a flood
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Discharge
The volume of water in a river passing a certain point in a set unit of time, measured in cumecs (m3/s)
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Geology
the nature and structure of rocks.
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Marine erosion
the wearing away of rocks by the action of the sea
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Sub-aerial processes
Processes active on the fact and top of cliffs
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Backwash
the movement of water down a beach, by the action of gravity
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Destructive waves
Waves that erode coastlines
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Swash
the force of breaking waves moving up a beach.
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Consolidated rock
Rock with strong structure which is hard to break down
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Dredging
Taking sediment from river or sea bed
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Constructive waves
Waves that deposit sediment, building up beach material to create landforms
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Groyne
Man-made construction built across the beach, to trap sediment
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Longshore drift
The movement of material along a coastline by the action of the waves.
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Prevailing winds
Most frequent wind direction.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

the sum of evaporation from the Earth's surface together with the transpiration of plants

Back

Evapotranspiration

Card 3

Front

when water in rock flows downhill

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

when water soaks into the soil

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

when water moves vertically down through soil and rock

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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