Biological catalyst - able to cut nucleic acids. controlls all biochemical reactions by lowering activation energy needed.
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Restriction Enzyme
alternate name for endonuclease - is an enzyme that cuts DNA at or near specific recognition nucleotide sequences known as restriction sites
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Exonuclease
nzymes that work by cleaving nucleotides one at a time from the end (exo) of a polynucleotide chain. A hydrolyzing reaction that breaks phosphodiester bonds at either the 3’ or the 5’ end occur
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Palindrone
A sequence of units that can be read the same way in either direction . el.g hannah
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Genetic Engineering
manipulation of DNA of organisms for the purpose of changing inheritence of in vitro manufacture of gene products
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Blunt Ends
The end of a DNA molecule where both strands end in a base pair
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Overhang
A stretch of unpaired nucleotides at the end of a DNA molecule - can be in either strand
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Sticky ends
overhangs that are longer than one nucleotide at the end of a DNA molecule
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Benefit/steps of genetic engineering
Enable us to take genes out, genetic material can be analysed, DNA can be altered, DNA can be re-inserted in an organism
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Phage
Virus that can inject DNA into bacteria
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Recombinant DNA technology
creation of a new combination of DNA segments that aren't found naturally together
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Restriction endonucleases
Cut DNA internally in a specific and target way
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How Restriction endonucleases work
Cleave phosphodiester(covalent bond that holds together polynucleotide chains of RNA & DNA) bonds of nucleinc acids. highly specific - recognise 3bp,6bp,8bp+. Recognise palindrome restriction sites.
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Blunt Ends
From cutting DNA with blunt end endonucleases
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Sticky ends
Not cut at centre of restriction site - staggered pattern with overhang of 4bp
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Restriction Enzyme
Back
alternate name for endonuclease - is an enzyme that cuts DNA at or near specific recognition nucleotide sequences known as restriction sites
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