Functional chromosome generated my genetic engineering - has a centromere and telomere and is transmissible in cell division
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DNA libaries
Collection of fragmented DNA that is stored and propegated by micro-organisms
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DNA Cloning
The insertation of a foreign DNA fragment into a vector capable or replicating separately in a host cell
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Requirements for DNA cloning
Foreign DNA, Host organism, Vector DNA for cloning, Method for placing modified DNA into host cell, Method for selecting for/screening for cells that carry foreign DNA
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Vector DNA
DNA molecule that bring DNA of interest into host cell and facilitates replication - molecular carrier
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Types of DNA Vectors
Artificial chromosomes- Bacterial and Yeast. Bacteriophages
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Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BAC)
ngineered DNA molecule used to clone DNA sequences in bacterial cell
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Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC)
human-engineered DNA molecule used to clone DNA sequences in yeast cells
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Bacteriophages
Viruses that infect bacteria. - Bind to specific receptors on the host cell - linear double-stranded molecules with single stranded complementary ends
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Type of DNA vectors
Cosmids, Fosmids, Plasmids
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Cosmids
Plasmids containg DNA sequences from bacteriaphage
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Fosmids
Based on F fertility plasmid containg F factor
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Plasmids
small circular dsDNA that replicate independently of chromosome in host cell. used to clone small sections of DNA. carry one or more genes. some resistant to certain antibiotics
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Goood properties of plasmids
Small, Known DNA sequence- so can find correct restriction enzymes. high copy rate. selectable marker, 2nd selectable marker. larger number of unique restriction sites
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PBR322 - E.coli cloning vector characteristics
medium size, 1 clone site(BamHI) in the middle of a tetracycline resistance gene- allows selection of bacteria that have taken up gene. Vector only copied whenn bacteria reproducing. 2 plates to select positive recombinants
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pUC18/19
small. multiple clone sites. amp R allows bacteri uptake into plasmid. origion of replication improved - multiple copies of plasmid produced. Lac Zsubunit provides way to select plamsid with DNA. only 1 plate to select positive recombinants
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Gateway technology clonign
No Restriction enzymes of ligases - uses BP clonase and LR clonase
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Telomere
Region at the end of a chromatid, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes
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Centromere
specialised regions of DNA - essential for correct chromosome distribution during cell division - attatches to spindle fibres
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Other cards in this set
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Front
DNA libaries
Back
Collection of fragmented DNA that is stored and propegated by micro-organisms
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