It is possible to predict the general location but extremely difficult to predict any timings
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Name 4 ways to predict an earthquake
Animals, seisometers, GPS and radon detecters
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How can we use radon detectors to predict an earthquake?
Radon gas escapes from cracks into the soil and groundwater
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How can we use seisometers to predict an earthquake?
Sensitive seisometers measure foreshocks
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How can we use animals to predict an earthquake?
Animals are believed to act strangely when an earthquake is due
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How can we use GPS to predict an earthquake?
GPS receivers detect movement in the ground which is analysed to warn others further away
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Give one example of when animals were used to predict an earthquake
Haicheng, China in 1975
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Why do we plan and prepare for earthquakes
It helps authorities to act quickly so there is less panic and fewer casualties
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Name 4 ways people can prepare for an earthquake
Furniture can be fastened down, drills can be held and educating people
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Why is it important to educate residents?
They can help reduce the impacts by turning off gas and electricity and moving to a safer place
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Why is furniture secured?
So less damage is caused in houses and people can safely hide under door frames or tables
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Give an example of an earthquake drill
On the 1st September every year, Japan practice earthquake drills on a national training day
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What do the American Red Cross do to help prepare?
They provide an earthquake checklist to help people stay calm
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How do they prepare for earthquakes in New Zealand
Make videos to educate people in what to do if there was an earthquake e.g. Turtle safe
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How do we protect against earthquakes?
Building can be designed or strengthened to withstand earthquakes
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What is the problem with earthquake resistant buildings?
They are very expensive so it is rarely possible to adapt buildings
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What is one solution to the expense of protecting against earthquakes?
Only important infrastructure such as hospitals and bridges are modified so everyone has access to a safe place and deaths and injuries are minimised
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Is it possible to predict volcanic eruptions?
It is easier to predict eruptions than earthquakes as there are usually advanced warning signals but it is still hard to predict exact timings
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Name 4 ways to predict an eruption
Tiltmeters, seisometers, thermal heat sensors and radon dtectors
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How do we measure ground deformation to predict eruptions?
GPS satellites and tiltmeters
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How can we use seisometers to predict an eruption?
Seisometers measure small tremors before the eruption
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Why do we use thermal heat sensors to predict eruptions?
They detect the change in temperature of a volcano's surface before an eruption. Scientists also measure the temperature of water in close streams and rivers
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How can we use gas detectors to predict an eruption?
Radon and sulfur gas escapes from cracks into the soil and groundwater
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What is the most effective way of preparing for a volcanic eruption?
An evacuation plan
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Why do we have evacuation plans?
So authorities know how to dispense emergency shelter, food and medical supplies
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What are residents taught to do during an eruption?
Residents are educated about covering their eyes, nose and mouth to protect themselves against gas fumes and ash. They are also taught to seek shelter or go indoors to avoid falling debris
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What can be put in place to protect residents in dangerous areas?
Exclusion zones and risk maps
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Why is it difficult to protect against volcanic eruptions?
Buildings cannot be designed to withstand the lava flows, lahars or the weight of ash and debris falling
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What is the only way to protect residents during and after an eruption?
Evacuating people from their homes to a safer location
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Name 4 ways to predict an earthquake
Back
Animals, seisometers, GPS and radon detecters
Card 3
Front
How can we use radon detectors to predict an earthquake?
Back
Card 4
Front
How can we use seisometers to predict an earthquake?
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