Respiratory system
- Created by: Jenp15
- Created on: 23-01-23 15:39
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Clues
- *'Breathing is controlled by parts of the brain called the 'pons' and the 'medulla' *They can regulate the rate and depth of breathing according to triggers such as levels of CO2 in the blood *Receptors lie in the aorta and carotid artery, and when they g (3, 2, 2, 7)
- *12 Thoracic Vertebra *Provides posterior attachment for ribs 1-12 (6, 6)
- *Alveoli are the functional units of the lungs and they form the site of gaseous exchange *The design of the 'air sacs' maximises the available surface area (90m2), therefore, maximising gas exchange. (8, 11)
- *As the muscles relax the ribs drop and the diaphragm rises *Elastic recoil of lung tissue along with a reduction in the volume of the thorax causes pressure to rise *Air flows out - PASSIVE *If we are in a hurry we can actively exhale by contracting ou (10)
- *Dome shaped muscle that flattens as it contracts. *As it does this the lower ribs are lifted upwards and outwards (9)
- *O2 diffuses across the membranes of alveoli in the lung, into pulmonary circulation. *As the oxygenated blood reaches the body's tissues, it diffuses into cells. * This allows individual cell respiration. *The reverse occurs with the waste product - CO2 (11, 6)
- *The diaphragm does 70% of inspiratory work. As it contracts, it flattens, pushing the ribs out *The internal and external intercostal muscles also work to move the rib cage up and out (3, 9)
- Lined with cilia and goblet cells, working together to remove debris from the lungs and protect gas exchange (similar to the nose) (9, 4)
- Secrete mucus to protect the mucus membrane - (6, 5)
- The movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. *Happens in liquids and gases because their particles move randomly from place to place. *It is an important process for living organisms; this is out substan (9)
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