Research Methods: Validity & Control of Variables Key Words

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Confounding variable
A variable that could act as an alternative IV, and that could systematically vary with the IV, or affect the DV, and confound the results, making them useless.
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Control
The extent to which any variable is held constant or is regulated by a researcher.
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External validity
The degree to which finding of research can be generalised: to other settings (ecological validity); to other groups of people (population validity); over time (historical validity).
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Extraneous variables
Variables that do not change systematically with the IV (so cannot act as an alternative IV) but could still effect the DV.
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Internal validity
The degree to which an observed effect was due to the experimental manipulation instead of other factors such as confounding or extraneous variables.
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Mundane realism
How a study mirrors the real world, how realistic the research environment is in comparison to how the situation could happen in real life.
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Validity
Whether an observed effect is a genuine one.
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Card 2

Front

The extent to which any variable is held constant or is regulated by a researcher.

Back

Control

Card 3

Front

The degree to which finding of research can be generalised: to other settings (ecological validity); to other groups of people (population validity); over time (historical validity).

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Variables that do not change systematically with the IV (so cannot act as an alternative IV) but could still effect the DV.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The degree to which an observed effect was due to the experimental manipulation instead of other factors such as confounding or extraneous variables.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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