the different ways in which the testing of participants can be organised in relation to the experimental conditions
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Independent groups design
participants are allocated to different groups where each group represents one experimental condition
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Positive of independent groups design
no order effects as participants are only tested once
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Negative of independent groups desigin
individual differences may account for differences found between conditions
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Repeated measures design
all participants take part in all conditions of the experiment
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Positives of the repeated measures design
no individual differences as the same participants do all conditions
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Negatives of the repeated measures design
increased chance of demand characteristics and order effects
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Matched pairs design
pairs of participants are first matched on some variable(s) that may effect the DV. Then one member of the pair is assigned to condition A while the other is assigned to condition B
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Positives of the matched pairs design
no order effects as participants only complete one condition and less chance of demand characteristic than in repeated measures
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Negatives of the matched pairs design
may not control for all individual differences- very difficult to match participants exactly which may affect the DV
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Random allocation
an attempt to control for participant variables in an independent groups design which ensures each participant has the same chance of being in one condition as any other
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Counterbalancing
an attempt to control for the effects of order in a repeated measures design; half of the participants experience conditions in one order and the other half in the opposite order
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
participants are allocated to different groups where each group represents one experimental condition
Back
Independent groups design
Card 3
Front
no order effects as participants are only tested once
Back
Card 4
Front
individual differences may account for differences found between conditions
Back
Card 5
Front
all participants take part in all conditions of the experiment
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