what's the difference between a non directional and a directional hypothesis?
directional= gives a positive or negative correlation between to variables
non-directional= gives an association or correlation between two variables.
3 of 14
what is an independent and a dependant variable (iv, dv)?
independent= manipulated by the researcher (has two conditions)
dependant= what is measured
4 of 14
what is an extraneous variable and a confounding variable?
extraneous variable= a nuisance variable, anything affecting the dv that isn't the iv.
confounding variable= an extraneous variable that relates more to one condition than the other.
5 of 14
what are demand characteristics?
occurs when participants guess the aim of the study
meaning they will either try to give the results they think the researcher wants or do the opposite.
6 of 14
what are investigator effects?
they are extraneous variables caused by the researcher consciously or unconsciously
= eg may encourage some participants more than others.
7 of 14
what are order effects?
when the participant gets tired, skilled or bored between completing the conditions of the iv .
8 of 14
what are participant variables?
how much the participants effect the study eg having all the smart people in one condition of the iv.
9 of 14
explain and evaluate the experimental design: independent groups/ measures.
when different people take part in the two conditions of the iv.
/ less demand characteristics
/ eliminates order effects
\ participant variables may become an extraneous variable.
10 of 14
explain and evaluate the experimental design: repeated measures
when the same people take part in both of the conditions of the iv.
/ eliminates participant variables
\ more demand characteristics
\ order effects
11 of 14
explain and evaluate the experimental design: matched pairs
each person in one condition is matched with another for certain criteria (identical twins are ideal)
/ reduces participant variables
\ possible bias in the selection of matched pairs
12 of 14
how can you overcome participant variables in independent groups?
using random allocation (tossing a coin)
or do matched pairs
13 of 14
how can you overcome order effects in repeated measures
counter balancing = where half of the participants do condition A first and the others do condition B first.
14 of 14
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what is a hypothesis?
Back
a predictive statement
Card 3
Front
what's the difference between a non directional and a directional hypothesis?
Back
Card 4
Front
what is an independent and a dependant variable (iv, dv)?
Back
Card 5
Front
what is an extraneous variable and a confounding variable?
Comments
No comments have yet been made