what are three main ways in which sociologists define religion
Substantive, functional and social constructionist.
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define substantive definitions
These focus on the content or substance of religious belief, such as belief in God or the supernatural.Substantive definitions are exclusive, they draw a clear line between religious and non religious beliefs.
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define functional definitions
functional definitions define religion in terms of the social or psychological functions it performs for individuals or society.They are inclusive allowing us to include a wide range of beliefs and practices.
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define Social constructionist definitions
they take an interpretivist approach that focuses on how members of society define religion. They are interested in how definitions of religion are constructed. They do not assume that religion always involves a belief in god or the supernatural.
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How does Durkheim describe the sacred and profane
The sacred are things that are set apart and forbidden that inspire feelings of awe and wonder. The Profane are things that are ordinary and hold no special significance
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What does Durkheim believe that Totemism really worships
Durkheim believes, when clan members worship their totemic animal, they are in reality worshipping society
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Parsons identifies two other essential functions of religion, what are they?
It creates and legitimates society’s basic norms and values by sacralising them.It provides a source of meaning , answering the ‘ultimate’ questions about life
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what is civil religion?
a belief system that attaches sacred qualities to society itself
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Define Marxists view of ideology
For Marxists, ideology is a belief system that distorts peoples perception of reality in the interests of the ruling class.
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In Marx's view, how do the ruling class use religion?
In Marx’s view, religion operates as an ideological weapon used by the ruling class to legitimate the suffering of the poor as something god- given.
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What does Lenin describe religion as?
Lenin describes religion as a ‘spiritual gin’ that confuses the working class and keeps them in their place
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Define Alienation
Alienation involves becoming separated from or losing control over something that one has produced or created
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What evidence is there of patriarchy in religion
Religious organisations are mainly male dominated, Places of worship often segregate the sexes and marginalise women, sacred texts largely feature the doings of male gods, Religious laws and customs may give women fewer rights than men
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
define substantive definitions
Back
These focus on the content or substance of religious belief, such as belief in God or the supernatural.Substantive definitions are exclusive, they draw a clear line between religious and non religious beliefs.
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