Religion and global development

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  • Created by: Amy
  • Created on: 01-06-13 14:19
what has globalisation created in India?
rapid economic development
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what has this created?
a wealthy new middle class
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how are the educated?
IT, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology
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are these groups generally the most or least religious?
least
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what do scientific backgrounds lead to?
rationalisation
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what does nanda argue?
people are becoming more religious
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what does she argue this is due to?
an ambivalence about their wealth because hinduism rejects material wealth; so this creates modern versions of hinduism that claims wordly desires are not bad and balance the guilt of their wealth by paying for extravagant religious rituals
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how do East Asian 'tiger communities' have a major influence on the global economy?
post-confucian values such as hard word, self-discipline and frugality lead to greater economic productivity and development of capitalism
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what example does berger use to show that there must be plenty of natural resources to allow for economic development?
in northern brazil, pentecostalism is very strong, but lack of natural resources mean there is little economic development; south of brazil has high religiosity and natural resources so has high economic development
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what is religious fundamentalism?
they take a literal interpretation of their religious text which hold the absolute truth; challenges are dealt with by references to religious texts; rely on guardians of tradition
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why does giddens think fundamentalism has developed?
in response to globalisation
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what has been undermined in a late-modern society?
traditional values such as sexuality, family and gender roles
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although this has created greater choice, what has this also created?
greater uncertainty and risk
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who might fundamentalism attract?
people who seek certainty in an uncertain late-modern world
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bauman sees fundamentalism serving a similar purpose in what type of society?
postmodern
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how does beckford criticise giddens?
fails to distinguish between different types of fundamentalism
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how does bruce agree with giddens?
fundamentalism is the result of global threats to religious beliefs and lifestyles
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what does he also argue?
that fundamentalism only occurs in monotheistic religions
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why?
they're based on single versions of the truth as set out in a religious text that holds absolute truth; polytheism lacks this
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why does bruce think fundamentalism emerges in the west?
due to changes within society
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what's an example of this
new christian right
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why does he argue fundamentalism emerges in third world countries?
in response to social change thrust upon them from the outside
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what's an example of this?
western influence in iran
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how can religion act as a cultural defence?
unites a community against an external threat
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what can it symbolise?
a collective identity
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how is the catholic church in poland an example of this?
it maintains polish identity to resist communism being imposed on poland by the soviet union
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what led to the collapse of communism in east europe?
the church supported the solidarity free trade union movement
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how does this criticise marxists?
they argue that religion will not be important in a communist society
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how is the iranian revolution an example of cultural defence?
they defended their own culture against western influence, headed by the ayatollahs
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why does haynes argue that this was unsual?
because the religious leaders lead the revolution, usually religion is connected to those in power
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what has the 21st century seen in terms of religion?
it is the centre of global conflicts
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what does huntington argue this is due to?
a clash of civilisations?
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how many civilisations are there?
7: western, hindu, islamic, slavic-orthodox, latin american, confucian and japanese
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what does each have?
a common cultural identity
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what is each linked to?
one of the major world religions
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why has tension between civilisations intensified?
globalisation
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what does this mean in terms of tension?
civilisations are in greater contact with each other
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what has the collapse of communism led to?
political indifferences being less significant; cultural differences more important
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why does huntington argue religious differences are harder to resolve than political ones?
political values change with different governments, but religion is fixed and rooted in history
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how does casanova criticise this?
he says huntington ignores conflict between civilisations
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how does armstrong criticise huntington?
much conflict is the result of western foreign policy
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what is an example of this?
USA has supported israel despite its oppression against palestine
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Card 2

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what has this created?

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a wealthy new middle class

Card 3

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how are the educated?

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Card 4

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are these groups generally the most or least religious?

Back

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Card 5

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what do scientific backgrounds lead to?

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