What does digoxin treat and why is is used less now?
AF, can easily get toxicity, need to look at hr before administering making site it is less than 60. Do bloods and measure renal function.
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Digoxin reversal agent?
Digifab
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What is therapeutic range?
Difference between the blood levels that need to be reached for a drug to be effect in and the level above which the drug is toxic.
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What is therapeutic index?
Ration of the dose of drug that produces toxicity to the dose that is needed to be clinically effective.
Max nontoxic dose divided by min effective dose
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Name a drug with a narrow therapeutic range
Lithium
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What is plasma half life?
The time it takes for the concentration or amount of the drug to reduce by one half.
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Rule for finding out how long it takes for a drug to be removed from the body?
Multiply the half life by 5
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What is peristalsis?
involuntary contraction and relaxation of longitudinal and circular muscles throughout the digestive tract, allowing for the propulsion of contents beginning in the pharynx and ending in the anus.
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Mesalizine summary?
For UC, decreases inflammation of large bowel and colon, action unknown but anti inflammatory and immunosuppressive. Inhibits neutrophil movement and reduces prostaglandins as they produce pain.
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What is MR.
Modified release, mesalizine is formulated to be released in colon, want to deliver on bowel surface.
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Who is Mesalizine chemically related to?
Aspirin
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Lactulose summary
Osmotic laxative
Treat constipation, retains water in stools by osmosis
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What are the GI systems 5 functions?
Ingestion
Secretion
Mixing of food
Digestion/ absorption
Defaecarion/ elimination
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What are the 4 layers of the GI tract?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa
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What ways can drugs be administered?
1.Oral/ rectal via gut
2. Percutaneous via skin
3. Intravenous via plasma
4. Intramuscular via muscle
5. Intrathecal via CSF
6. Inhalation via lung
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What ways can drugs be excreted?
1. Urine via kidneys
2. Faeces via gut
3. Milk, sweat via breast/ sweat glands
4.Expired air via lungs
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When drugs are given IV where do they go?
Straight to the bloodstream and avoid 1st pass metabolism
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