psychopathology ; definitions of abnormality

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STATISTICAL INFREQUENCY
DFGDF
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what is statistical infrequency?
behaviour that's statistically rare should be seen as abnormal
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- example: IQ
dfgdf
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statistical approach is useful when dealing with characteristics that can be?
reliably measured
4 of 119
we know in any human characteristic majority of ppls scores will cluster around?
average
5 of 119
and further we go above / below?
fewer ppl attain score
6 of 119
this is called?
normal distribution
7 of 119
avg IQ is set at?
100
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what % of ppl have IQ from 85-115?
68%
9 of 119
what % ppl have IQ below 70?
2%
10 of 119
those individuals are abnormal and liable torecieve diagnosis of?
intellectual disability disorder
11 of 119
EVALUATION
ERG
12 of 119
:) real-life application
dfgd
13 of 119
application in diagnosis of?
intellectual disability disorder
14 of 119
therefore there's a place for SI when thining about?
what are ab/normal behaviours / characteristics
15 of 119
all assessment of patients with mental disorders includes some sort of what?
measrement of severity of sumptoms
16 of 119
as compared to?
statistical norms
17 of 119
so therefore statistical infrequency is a useful part of?
clinical assessment
18 of 119
:( unusual characteristics can be positive
dfg
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IQ scores 130+ are just as unusual as under 70 but we wouldn't do what/
see superintelligence an undesireable characteristic that needs treatment
20 of 119
just bc v few ppl display certain behaviours does make it statistically abnormal but dpesn't mean?
they require treatment to become normal
21 of 119
this is a serious limitation to statistical infrequency as a concept and means it would never be used how?
alone to make diagnosis
22 of 119
:( not everyone benefits from a label
dgd
23 of 119
don't benefit from being labelled when?
living normal happy life
24 of 119
regardless of how?
abnormal they are
25 of 119
so someone with low IQ but not distressed?
wouldn't need diagnosis
26 of 119
if labelled abnormal what might happen to them?
negative effect on what others / selves view them
27 of 119
DEVIATION FROM SOCIAL NORMS
DGD
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what is deviation from social norms?
defines abnormality as any behaviour that varies from societally accepted norms
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groups of people choose to define behaviour as abnormal on what basis?
offends their sence of what's acceptable
30 of 119
so we are making a collective judgement as a society about?
what is right
31 of 119
- norms are culture specific
df
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relatively few behaviours that would be considered universally abnormal on wht bass?
brach social norms
33 of 119
bc norms are bound to?
culture / generation
34 of 119
for example what's the big one seen abnormal in some gens / not others + some cultures / not others?
homosexuality
35 of 119
- example: antisocial personality disorder
dgdf
36 of 119
APD characterised by ppl that are?
impulsice / aggressive / irresponsible
37 of 119
according to DSM-5 one important symptom is an absence of what?
prosocial internal standards assoc with failure to conform to lawfu / culturally normative ethnic behaviour
38 of 119
in other words we are making social judgement psychopath is abnormal because they don't?
conform to moral standards
39 of 119
EVALUATION
DHD
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:( not sole explanation
dfgdf
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real life application in diagnossi of?
APD
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therefore a place for deviation from social norms in thinking about?
what's ab/normal
43 of 119
but even in this case there are other factors to consider like?
distress to others resulting from APD
44 of 119
so in practice deviation from social norms is never?
sole reason for defiition
45 of 119
:( cultural relativism
dfgdf
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social norms vary in which two ways?
culturally / temporally
47 of 119
this means one cultural grp may label abnormal but anothr?
not
48 of 119
give an example?
homosexuality
49 of 119
this creates problems for which group of people?
those from one culture group living in another culture
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:( can lead to human righs abuses
dfgd
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too much reliance on this can lead to systematic abuse of?
human rights
52 of 119
for example what was the 'illness' that affected black slaves + symptom run away?
drapetomania
53 of 119
its pretty clear to see this diagnosis was really there to do what?
mntn ctrl over minority ethnic group
54 of 119
classification appears ridiculous nowadays only because
social norms have changed
55 of 119
more radical pshycologists would suggest what about some modern categories of mental disoreder?
rlly abuses of ppl's rights to be different
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EVALUATION EXTRA
FHDF
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- social vs statistical norms
dfgd
58 of 119
one strength of deviation from social norms is that it includes what issue about behaviour?
desirability
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which wat doesnt take into account?
statistical infrequency
60 of 119
for example what is statistically abnormal but not included in definition?
geniousness
61 of 119
this means which can be more useful?
social norms
62 of 119
FAILURE TO FUNCTION ADEQUATELY
DFFFD
63 of 119
failure to function adequately considers a person abnormal when?
they're unable to cope with the demands of everyday life
64 of 119
who developed this?
rosenhan and seligman
65 of 119
- when is someone failing to function adequately
dfgd
66 of 119
some of the signs include when a person no longer conforms to standard interpersonal rules like?
maintaning eye contact / respecting personal space
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when a person experiences severe?
personal distress
68 of 119
or when a person's behaviour becomess irrational and dangerous to?
them / others
69 of 119
- example: intellectual disability disorder
gdf
70 of 119
diagnisis would't be made only on statistical infrequency they must also be what b4 diagnosis?
failing to function adequatelt
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EVALUATION
GFHFD
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:) patient's perspective
dgd
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attempts to include what experience?
subjective individualexperience
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not entirely satisfactory approach as it's difficult to do what?
assess
75 of 119
but at least definition acknowledges what is important?
experience of patient and others
76 of 119
in this sense it captures the experienec of many tht need help suggesting it's useful for?
assessing abnormality
77 of 119
:( is it just deviation from social norms?
dfgdf
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when can it be hard to say?
in practice
79 of 119
those who practice extreme sports can be accused of?
behaving maladaptively
80 of 119
whilst those with religious beliefs could be seen?
irrational
81 of 119
if we treat these as failures of adequate functioning we risk doing what?
limiting personal freedom / discriminating against minorities
82 of 119
:( subjective judgement
dfgd
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when deciding whether someone failing to func adeq what has to happen?
someone has to judge whether they're distressed
84 of 119
some patients may say they're distressed but?
may not be judged as suffering
85 of 119
methods of making this as objective as possible like checklists like?
Global Assesment of Functioning Scale
86 of 119
but principle still remains who was right to make judgement?
one person like psychiatrist
87 of 119
DEVIATION FROM IDEAL MENTAL HEALTH
DFGFD
88 of 119
defines abnormality as?
an absence of six characteristics that make us psychologically healthy
89 of 119
whose approach?
jahoda
90 of 119
- what does it look like
dffgd
91 of 119
how many points of criteria?
6
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1. no symptoms of?
distress
93 of 119
2. rational and percieve ourselves?
accurately
94 of 119
3. we reach out potential called?
self-actualise
95 of 119
4. we can cope with?
stress
96 of 119
5. we have a realistic view of?
world
97 of 119
6. lack guilt and have good?
self esteem
98 of 119
7. independent of?
other people
99 of 119
8. successfully do which 3 things?
work / love / enjoy leisure
100 of 119
EVALUATION
DFGD
101 of 119
:) comprehensive definition
dfgdf
102 of 119
comprehensive because?
covers broad range of criteria for mental health
103 of 119
probably covers most of the reasons someone should do what?
seek health from mental health srvices
104 of 119
sheer range of factors discussed in relation to ideal mental health make it a good tool for?
thinking about mental health
105 of 119
:( cultural relativism
dfgd
106 of 119
some of the ideas of ideal mental health are specific to which two areas?
weurope / namerica
107 of 119
so we say they are?
culture-bound
108 of 119
for example in collectivist cultures how would self-actialisation be seen?
self-indulgent
109 of 119
why?
their emohasis is on famil / community
110 of 119
:( unrealistically high standard
dfgfd
111 of 119
probably none of us will achieve all of jahoda's criteria and?
keep it for a long time
112 of 119
therefore how would this approach view p much all of us?
abnormal
113 of 119
on positive ide this makes what clear to peopl?
ways they could benefit from seeking treatment
114 of 119
and is egative bc probably of no value in thinking about?
who might benefit from treatment against will
115 of 119
EVALUATION EXTRA
FGH
116 of 119
:( labelling
dg
117 of 119
when do we end up giving people labels?
when we make judgememtnthat they're failing to cope
118 of 119
which can do wht to them?
add to problems
119 of 119

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is statistical infrequency?

Back

behaviour that's statistically rare should be seen as abnormal

Card 3

Front

- example: IQ

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

statistical approach is useful when dealing with characteristics that can be?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

we know in any human characteristic majority of ppls scores will cluster around?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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