When an observer does not manipulate the IV or any variables they simply observe what is in front of them.
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What is a structured observation?
When a researcher asks a pp directly about what they think/do/believe about something.
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What is an unstructured observation?
When participants behaviour is being observed without categories of behaviour being looked for.
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What is a covert observation?
A covert observation is when an observer is under cover.
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What is an overt observation?
An overt observation is when pp's know that they are being observed.
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What is TIME sampling?
When the observer records what the participant is doing at fixed intervals, for example every 5 minutes.
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What is EVENT sampling?
Where an observer records an event or a behaviour as it happens.
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What is a strength of using a covert observation?
Strength - No demand charactersistics arise as the pp's do not know that they are being observed.
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What is a weakness of using a covert observation?
Weakness - Ethical issues. The participants do not give informed consent to the observation as they do not know that it is taking place.
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What is a strength of event sampling?
Strength - Less chance of human error as observers record things immediately as they see them.
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What is a weakness of event sampling?
If you are observing a large sample then it is possible that you might miss out some pps and their behaviours.
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What is the definition of self report?
When a researcher asks a participant directly about what they think/do/believe.
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List 5 data gathering techniques of Self Report?
Questionnaires, Open and closed questions, rating scales, interviews and psychometric tests.
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What is an open question?
A question with a free response.
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What is a closed question?
A question with a fixed response, usually either YES or NO.
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What is a strength of using a closed question?
You can easily analyse/compare the data gathered as it is quantitative.
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What is a weakeness of using a closed question?
You cannot go in to great detail with your response and so less in depth information is gathered. Also, closed questions can frustrate pp's as their answer that they wish to give might not be available.
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What are some strengths of questionnaires?
They give both qualitative and quantiative data, They enable a great deal of data to be gathered from a large sample very quickly, They can be confidential and so pp's do not feel under pressure to answer in a way that shows them in positive light.
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What are some weaknesses of questionnaires?
Qualitative data is hard to analyse and compare, It is possible that open questions could be interpreted differently by different pp's, Social desirability might arise if the questionnaire is not confidential.
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What is a likert scale?
A likert scale is where peopple are given a range of answers from which they select one that reprisents to an extent what they agree with.
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What is a strength of using a rating scale?
Gives quantitative data that is easy to analyse and compare.
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What is a weakness of using a rating scale?
Different points on the scale are open to interpretation by different participants.
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What is the definition of a correlation?
A statistical technique that can tell us about the way two variables are related to each other. They may be positively or negatively correlated or not correlated AT ALL.
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What is a positive correlation?
The more there is of one varaible, the more there is of another variable.
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What is a negative correlation?
The more there is of one varable the less there is of another variable.
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What is a 'no/zero correlation?'
When there is neither a positive or negative correlation between the two variables.
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What is a correlation STUDY in psychology?
A study that investigates whether a correlation exists between two variables?
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What does a scattergram show us?
Whether there is a correlation in the direction they predicted and how strong this correlation is.
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What else do scattergrams show us?
Anomolies/outliers in data.
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What does a score of 0 tell us?
That there is no correlation between variables
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What does a score of +0.9 correlation tell us?
A very strong positive correlation exists.
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What does a score of -0.9 tell us?
That a very strong negative correlation exists.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
When a researcher asks a pp directly about what they think/do/believe about something.
Back
What is a structured observation?
Card 3
Front
When participants behaviour is being observed without categories of behaviour being looked for.
Back
Card 4
Front
A covert observation is when an observer is under cover.
Back
Card 5
Front
An overt observation is when pp's know that they are being observed.
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