PS2002 Comparative Psychology

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How an individual encodes position of an object in space is a question about
mechanism
1 of 62
Adaptation is
only to a particular set of conditions on which selection acted
2 of 62
How a species changes over time is a question about
phylogeny
3 of 62
Female brown-headed cowbirds have a larger hippocampal volume that males to
keep track of multiple nest sites of other birds
4 of 62
Which neural structure plays a pivotal role in controlling circadian rhythms
hypothalamus
5 of 62
Spider monkeys and howler monkeys inhabit the same forests and have comparable body sizes, but their brain sizes differ substantially. What is Milton's explanation?
they eat different foods
6 of 62
Which cells are implicated in spatial navigation in rats
two answers are correct
7 of 62
Based on molecular genetics, it is believed that chimpanzees
are more closely related to humans than gorillas
8 of 62
A key feature of Euclidean cognitive maps is
shortcuts between locations without a pre-established route
9 of 62
Why do male hamadryas baboons intervene in female-female conflicts but male gelada baboons do not?
the risk of immigration is higher in female hamadryas baboons
10 of 62
Planning in primates is highly dependent on
the PFC
11 of 62
The Thorndike-Koehler controversy was about
how non-human animals learn to solve problems
12 of 62
Convergent evolution
causes distantly related species to resemble each other
13 of 62
The notion that perceptual world of animals differ considerably was proposed by
Von Uexkuell
14 of 62
Inclusive fitness refers to
the survival and reproductive success of the kin
15 of 62
Response waiting and signal elaboration indicate
intentional communication
16 of 62
Interval timing refers to the ability to
all the answers are correct
17 of 62
According to Byrne & Whiten (1985), tactical deception is
used at low frequency
18 of 62
Hanuman langurs, lions and lowland gorillas have in common that
males are known to commit infanticide
19 of 62
Path integration
accumulates errors
20 of 62
Predator fear in rodents
two answers are correct
21 of 62
Which hormone is implicated in social bond formation
oxytocin
22 of 62
The 'outcome of actions that eliminate the incompability of goals, interests and attitudes of the conflicting individuals' is known as
conflict resolution
23 of 62
Zhahavi's 'handicap theory' of sexual selection explains bower bird's constructions as
two of the above
24 of 62
Select the correct statement
none of the satatements is correct
25 of 62
Antlers in male deer are an example of
intrasexual selection
26 of 62
'I would lay down my life for two brother or eight cousins' can be explained by invoking
Hamilton's rule
27 of 62
Learning some operating characteristics of objects or other elements in the environment by observing a model constitutes
emulation
28 of 62
Comparisons between non-human species
all answers are correct
29 of 62
At what age is it most appropriate to compare humans and bonobos?
functionally equivalent ages
30 of 62
How did pugs and border collies evolved?
artificial selection
31 of 62
Species merge into a group (e.g. sleeping in one place) or split (e.g. foraging in small groups during the day). What type of social dynamics is this?
fission-fusion
32 of 62
Why do polygamous males have better spatial cognition skills compared to monogamous voles?
all answers are correct
33 of 62
Hummingbirds exhibit __________ by visiting food resources at or close to the moment of their replenishment.
time matching
34 of 62
Endogenous timing mechanisms that predict changes in the environment and synchronise the physiology and behaviour accordingly with appropriate times of day or year are
circadian rhythms
35 of 62
Input signals that invertebrates use in path integration are
number of steps
36 of 62
Compass is
the use of planetary and/or exo-planetary cues to efficiently move from one location to another
37 of 62
A map that consists of direction home from multiple points is
mosaic map
38 of 62
According to the Extractive Foraging Hypothesis (Parker & Gibson, 1977)
some species have bigger brains because they use tools to extract food
39 of 62
What is a cognitive map
representation of distances and directions between all known locations so far experienced
40 of 62
Homoplasy is
convergent evolution
41 of 62
Traits tailored to the current ecological niche occupied by a species is known as
adaptive specialisation
42 of 62
Ecological niche refers to
the role that the species plays in the food chain
43 of 62
Injury of __________ disrupts planning abilities.
cortico-striatal pathway
44 of 62
Dawkins & Krebs (1979) proposed that
prey and predator operate at different stakes because of what they lose when the opponent is succesful
45 of 62
Effects of chronic stress do not include
fight-or-flight response
46 of 62
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis is responsible for
two answers are correct
47 of 62
A behaviour that reduces the actor's fitness while increasing another individual's is
altruism
48 of 62
Generalised reciprocal altruism is
an altruistic act in whch the recipients are more likely to act to benefit others in turn, independently of their identity
49 of 62
Why are honst signals more favoured over lies?
the are less costly
50 of 62
Dominance hierarchies
minimise energy expenditure
51 of 62
The size of sparrow's throat patch has been correlate with the levels of
steroids
52 of 62
What is so extraordinary about the golden-winged sunbirds?
the degree of their territoriality is determined by the avaliability of resources
53 of 62
Neural correlates of quantitative cognition include
PFC and IPS
54 of 62
Infanticide is
a prime example of sexual conflict
55 of 62
Subsitizing and Object File System are
mechanisms of operating on quantities
56 of 62
Which approach is based on the fact that individuals prefer larger quantities even without training?
relative numerousness
57 of 62
How can paternal behaviour be changed in meadow voles?
increase of vasopressin receptors through genetic manipulation
58 of 62
The modification of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in the hippocampus of rat pups results from
the epigenetic effect of maternal licking and grooming
59 of 62
Which statement is true?
In primates where both parents care for their offspring, both sexes were found to be choosy about their sexual partners.
60 of 62
Grooming hand clasp in chimpanzees is
social custom
61 of 62
Rader & Laland (2002)
found a positive correlation between the executive brain ration and frequency of innovation use and social learning
62 of 62

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Card 2

Front

Adaptation is

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only to a particular set of conditions on which selection acted

Card 3

Front

How a species changes over time is a question about

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Female brown-headed cowbirds have a larger hippocampal volume that males to

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Which neural structure plays a pivotal role in controlling circadian rhythms

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Preview of the front of card 5
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