A measure of the tendency of an object to spontaneously give up energy to its surroundings
1 of 24
What is absolute zero?
The lowest possible temperature (approximately -273.15 degrees C)
2 of 24
What is heat?
The spontaneous flow of energy from one object to another caused by temperature difference
3 of 24
What is work?
The work done in a process is the amount of mechanical energy transferred
4 of 24
What does isothermal mean?
Constant temperature
5 of 24
What does adiabatic mean?
Zero heat transfer
6 of 24
What is a carnot engine?
An ideal heat engine, the most efficient theoretically possible
7 of 24
What is the conservation of energy?
- energy cannot be created or destroyed
- an object can possess different types of energy
- energy can be transferred from objects or from one energy type to another
- total amount of energy always stays the same
8 of 24
Kinetic energy
Due to an object moving
9 of 24
Gravitational potential energy
Due to the position of an object in a gravitational field
10 of 24
Thermal energy
Due to the temperature of an object
11 of 24
Elastic potential energy
Due to energy stored when objects are stretched or compressed
12 of 24
Chemical energy
Due to an energy associated with chemical reactions (fuel and food)
13 of 24
Nuclear energy
Due to energy associated with nuclear reactions (radioactivity, fission and fusion)
14 of 24
Electrostatic energy
Due to electric charges attracting or repelling
15 of 24
Magnetic energy
Due to magnets attracting or repelling
16 of 24
Mechanical transfer of energy
When a force moves through a distance
17 of 24
Electrical transfer of energy
When a charge moves through a potential difference
18 of 24
Heat transfer of energy
Due to temperature difference
19 of 24
Radiation transfer of energy
Due to light, microwaves, sound etc
20 of 24
What is the 1st law of thermodynamics
Energy supplied to a system either changes the internal energy of the system and/or enables the system to do work
- this is another way of stating that energy is conserved
21 of 24
What is a reversible process?
- A process that can be fully reversed in time, following the same path and exactly reversing the quantities of heat transferred and work done
- two conditions that make a process reversible: isothermal, adiabatic
22 of 24
What is an adiabatic process?
- zero heat transfer
- all work done is friction free and doesn't create extra thermal energy
- true adiabatic expansion is not possible
- rapid expansion of gas in a thick-walled, badly conducting vessel is close to this
23 of 24
What are the four processes that a fluid undergoes in the Carnot Cycle?
Comments
No comments have yet been made