Preservation of food
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- Created by: Natmac
- Created on: 03-01-19 14:54
Why is the preservation of food important?
So that surplus foods from good harvests can be stored and then used in times of shortage. So that we can enjoy seasonal fruits and vegetables all year round. To enable it to be transported long distances without it decaying (and spillage!)
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What are the six main ways in which food can be preserve?
High temperatures, Low temperatures, Removing moisture, Use of chemicals, Controlling the atmosphere, Irradiation
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How does canning work?
Heat kills bacteria and enzymes.
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What are the advantages for Canning?
Lasts for many years.
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What the disadvantages of Canning?
Can cause changes in colour and texture. Loss of Vitamin C.
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What is Canning used in?
Fish, meat, fruit, vegetables, milk.
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How does Bottling work?
Heat kills bacteria and enzymes.
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What are the advantages of Bottling?
Lasts for many years.
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What are the disadvantages of Bottling?
Can cause changes in colour and texture. Loss of Vitamin C.
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What is Bottling used in?
Fruit and vegetables
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How does Pasteurisation work?
Most bacteria killed at 72 degrees Celsius
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What are the advantages of Pasteurisation?
Little effect on flavour.
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What are the disadvantages of Pasteurisation?
Not all bacteria killed
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What is Pasteurisation used in?
Milk, cream, orange juice.
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How does UHT milk work?
Most bacteria killed at 72 degrees Celsius.
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What are the advantages of UHT?
Lasts for several months
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What are the disadvantages of UHT?
Changes taste slightly.
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What is UHT used in?
Milk, fruit juices.
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How does Sterilisation work?
Food is heated to 104 degrees Celsius for 40 minutes.
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What are the advantages of Sterilisation?
Extends life of milk to about 10 days.
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What are the disadvantages of Sterilisation?
Gives a creamy flavour and colour
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What is Sterilisation used in?
Milk, fruit juices.
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How does Freezing work?
Stops bacteria and enzymes activity. Domestic freezers are at -18 degrees Celsius.
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What are the advantages of Freezing?
Foods can be frozen for many months. Little loss of vitamins.
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What are disadvantages of Freezing?
Slow freezing breaks down cells and changes the texture of foods.
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What is Freezing used in?
Ready prepared meals, fish, meat, vegetables, fruit, ice-creams.
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How does Chilling work?
Temperatures of 1 to 8 degrees Celsius slow bacteria growth.
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What are the advantages of chilling?
Good colour and flavour kept
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What are the disadvantages of Chilling?
Short storage life.
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What can Chilling be used in?
Ready prepared meals, such as Lasagne.
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How does Drying work?
Removal of moisture stops bacteria growth
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What are the advantages of Drying?
Last for long periods of time.
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What are the disadvantages of Drying?
Most Vitamin C lost. Must be kept dry.
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What is Drying used in?
Soups, pasta, beans, packet desserts.
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How does AFD work?
Food is frozen and then dried quickly.
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What are advantages of AFD?
Good colour and flavour.
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What are the disadvantages of AFD?
Can be expensive.
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What is AFD used in?
Coffee
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How does Pickling work?
Increases acidity of food
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What are the advantages of Pickling?
long shelf life
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What are disadvantages of Pickling?
very strong flavour
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What are pickling used in?
Onions, cabbage and olives
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How does salting work?
Reduces water content by osmosis.
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What are the advantages of Salting?
Long shelf life.
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What are the disadvantages of Salting?
Food needs to be soaked before cooking.
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What are salting used in?
Meat, fish, green beans.
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How does Smoking work?
Slow method, which prevents bacteria growth.
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What are advantages of smoking?
Adds flavour.
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What are disadvantages of smoking?
Kills Vitamins B and C.
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What is smoking use in?
Bacon, cheese, fish.
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How does sugar work?
More than 60% will stop micro-organism growth.
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What are the advantages of sugar?
Long shelf life.
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What are the disadvantages of sugar?
High temperatures in jam making kill Vitamin C.
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What is sugar used in?
Jams, marmalade, crystallised fruits.
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How does vacuum packs work?
Removes all oxygen.
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What are the advantages of vacuum packs?
Retains vitamins.
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What are the disadvantages of vacuum packs?
Often still needs refrigeration
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What is vacuum packs used for?
Bacon, fish.
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How does MAP work?
Replaces oxygen with nitrogen and carbon dioxide
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What are the advantages of MAP?
Colour and flavour are good
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What are the disadvantages of MAP?
Expensive
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What is MAP used in?
Meat, salads, minced beef, and bacon.
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How does Irradiation work?
Radiation kills, bacteria and pests.
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What are the advantages of Irradiation?
Delays ripening of fruit and sprouting of vegetables.
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What are the disadvantages of Irradiation?
Not in general use. Consumer safety worries.
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What is Irraditation used in?
Strawberries, vegetables and spices.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the six main ways in which food can be preserve?
Back
High temperatures, Low temperatures, Removing moisture, Use of chemicals, Controlling the atmosphere, Irradiation
Card 3
Front
How does canning work?
Back
Card 4
Front
What are the advantages for Canning?
Back
Card 5
Front
What the disadvantages of Canning?
Back
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