PL3235 meanings

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  • Created by: car007
  • Created on: 03-12-18 09:31
conformity
change in one's behaviour due to real or imagined influence of others
1 of 76
private acceptance
conforming to other people's behaviour out of a genuine belief that what they are doing or saying is correct
2 of 76
public compliance
conforming to other people's behaviour publicly without necessarily believing in what other people are doing or saying
3 of 76
informational social influence
relying on other people as a source of information to guide our behaviour
4 of 76
contagion
effect of how emotions and behaviour can spread rapidly through a crowd
5 of 76
normative social influence
going along with what people do in order to be liked and accepted by them
6 of 76
hikkomori
social phenomenon in Japan where teenager is withdrawn from all social interaction
7 of 76
social norms
the implicit or explicit rules that a group has for the acceptable behaviours, values and beliefs of its member
8 of 76
social impact theory
the idea that confirming to social influence depends on the group's importance, immediacy, and the number of people in the group
9 of 76
idiosyncrasy credits
the tolerance a person earns over time by conforming to the group's norms
10 of 76
minority influence
the case where a minority of group members affect the behaviours or beliefs of the majority
11 of 76
propaganda
a deliberate systematic attempt to advance a cause by manipulating mass attitudes and behaviours, often through misleading or emotionally charged information
12 of 76
injunctive norm
people's perception of what behaviours are approved or disapproved by others
13 of 76
descriptive norm
people's perception of how people actually behave in given situations, regardless of whether the behaviour is approved or disapproved by others
14 of 76
group
2 or more people who interact and are interdependent in the sense that their needs and goals cause them to influence each other
15 of 76
group cohesiveness
qualities of a group that binds members together and promote liking between them
16 of 76
social roles
shared expectations in a group about how particular people are supposed to behave
17 of 76
social facilitation
the tendency to perform better on simple tasks and worst on complex tasks, when people are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated
18 of 76
social loafing
tendency to perform worse on simple/ unimportant tasks when people are in the presence of others and their individual performance cannot be evaluated
19 of 76
relational independence
tendency to focus on and care about personal relationships with other people
20 of 76
deindividuation
the loosening of normal constraints on behaviour when people can't be identified
21 of 76
groupthink
a kind of decision making in which maintaining group cohesiveness and solidarity is more important than considering facts in a realistic manner
22 of 76
process loss
any aspect of group interaction that inhibits good problem solving
23 of 76
group polarization
the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclinations of their members
24 of 76
great person theory
the idea that certain key personality traits make a person a good leader, regardless of situation
25 of 76
transactional leaders
leaders who set clear short-term goals and reward people who meet them
26 of 76
transformational leaders
leaders who inspire followers to focus on common, long-term goals
27 of 76
contingency theory of leadership
the idea that the effectiveness of a leader depends both on how task oriented or relationship oriented the leader is and on the amount of control the leader has over the group
28 of 76
task-oriented leaders
leader concerned more with getting the job done than with workers' feelings and relationships
29 of 76
relationship-oriented leaders
leaders who are concerned more with workers' feelings and relationships
30 of 76
propinquity effect
the finding that the more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our friends
31 of 76
mere exposure effect
the finding that the more exposure we have to a stimulus, the more apt we are to like it
32 of 76
companionate love
the feelings of intimacy and affection we have for someone that are not accompanied by passion or physiological arousal
33 of 76
passionate love
an intense longing we feel for a person, accompanied by physiological arousal
34 of 76
secure attachment style
characterised by trust, lack of concern with being abandoned and view that one is worthy and well-liked
35 of 76
avoidant attachment style
characterised by difficulty developing intimate relationships because previous attempts to be intimate have been rebuffed
36 of 76
anxious/ ambivalent attachment style
characterised by a concern that others will not reciprocate one's desire for intimacy, resulting in higher than average anxiety
37 of 76
attachment style
the expectations people develop about relationships with others based on the relationship they had with their primary caregiver when they were infants
38 of 76
comparison level
people's expectations about the level of rewards and costs they are likely to receive in a particular relationship
39 of 76
comparison level for alternatives
people's expectations about the level of rewards and costs they would receive in an alternative relationship
40 of 76
communal relationship
relationship in which people's primary concern is being responsive to other person's need
41 of 76
exchange relationship
relationship governed by equity
42 of 76
equity theory
the idea that people are happiest with relationships in which the rewards and costs experienced by both parties are roughly equal
43 of 76
prosocial behaviour
any act performed with the goal of benefitting another person
44 of 76
altruism
the desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper
45 of 76
kin selection
the idea that behaviours that help a genetic relative are favoured by natural selection
46 of 76
reciprocity norm
the expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future
47 of 76
empathy
the ability to put oneself in the shoes of another person and to experience events and emotions
48 of 76
empathy-altruism hypothesis
the idea that when we feel empathy for a person, we will attempt to help that person for purely altruistic reasons, regardless of what we have to gain
49 of 76
altruistic personality
the qualities that cause an individual to help others in a wider variety of situations than others
50 of 76
urban overload hypothesis
the theory that people living in cities are constantly bombarded with stimulation and that they keep to themselves to avoid being overwhelmed by it
51 of 76
out-group
any group with which an individual does not identify
52 of 76
in-group
the group with which an individual identifies as a member
53 of 76
pluralistic ignorance
the case in which people think that everyone else is interpreting a situation in a certain way, when in fact they are not
54 of 76
diffusion of responsibility
the phenomenon wherein each bystander's sense of responsibility to help decreases as the number of witnesses increase
55 of 76
resident mobility
people who have lived a long time in one place more likely to engage in prosocial behaviour of the community
56 of 76
aggression
intentional behaviour aimed at causing physical harm or psychological pain to another person
57 of 76
hostile aggression
aggression stemming from feelings of anger and aimed at inflicting pain or injury
58 of 76
instrumental agression
aggression as a means to some goal other than causing pain
59 of 76
social-cognitive learning theory
the theory that people learn social behaviour in large part through observation and imitation of others and by cognitive processes such as plans, expectations and beliefs
60 of 76
think-drink effect
the phenomenon where if people expect alcohol to have certain effects of them, it often does
61 of 76
frustration-agression theory
the theory that frustration - the perception that you are being prevented from attaining a goal - increases probability of being aggressive
62 of 76
magnification of danger
exaggerated view of the degree of violence taking place outside their own homes
63 of 76
social scripts
approved ways of behaving when we are frustrated, angry or hurt
64 of 76
catharsis
the notion that behaving aggressively or watching others do so relieves built up anger and aggressive energy and hence reduced the likelihood of further aggressive behaviour
65 of 76
stereotype
a generalisation about a group of people in which certain traits are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among the members
66 of 76
hostile sexism
stereotypical views of women that suggests that women are inferior to men
67 of 76
benevolent sexism
stereotypical, positive views of women
68 of 76
stereotype threat
the apprehension experienced by members of a group that their behaviour might confirm a cultural stereotype
69 of 76
discrimination
unjustified negative or harmful action towards a member of a group solely because of his or her membership in that group
70 of 76
social identity
the part of a person's self concept that is based on his identification with a nation, religious or political group, occupation or other social affiliation
71 of 76
ethnocentrism
the belief that one's own ethnic group, nation or religion is superior to all others
72 of 76
in-group bias
the tendency to favour one's own group and give them special preferences over people who belong to other groups
73 of 76
out-group homogeneity
the perception that individuals in the out-group are more similar to each other than they really are, as well as more similar than members of the in-group are
74 of 76
realistic conflict theory
the idea that limited resources had to conflict between groups and results in increased prejudice and discrimination
75 of 76
contact hypothesis
the view that if people with different group membership were put in the same place and let them interact, prejudice will be reduced
76 of 76

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

private acceptance

Back

conforming to other people's behaviour out of a genuine belief that what they are doing or saying is correct

Card 3

Front

public compliance

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

informational social influence

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

contagion

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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