Physics - Solar System, Stars and Satellites

?
The moon is a planet. True?
no. it's a natural satellite
1 of 58
A planet is a c___ b__ (natural forming object in space) of certain size and they orbit a star
celestial body
2 of 58
___ is the smallest plant. It's closest to the sun. It has no natural satellite
mercury
3 of 58
___ is the second closest planet to the sun. no natural satellite
Venus
4 of 58
__ is the third closest planet. has one natural satellite
earth
5 of 58
___ is fourth closest. also called the red planet. has two natural satellites
mars
6 of 58
__ is fifth closest planet. 69 known natural satellites
Jupiter
7 of 58
___ is the sixth planet from sun [think of 666 to remember name and distance from sun]. 62 known satellites
satan- i mean saturn
8 of 58
___ is seventh closest planet to sun. 27 natural satellites
Uranus
9 of 58
___ is eighth closest.14 natural satellites
neptune
10 of 58
Pluto is a dwarf planet. What are dwarf planets?
celestial bodies similar to plants but smaller
11 of 58
___ are mostly made from ice. they orbit close to the sun at certain times but very far away at others (elliptical orbit)
comets
12 of 58
___ are mostly made from rock and metal. orbits close to sun. found in asteroid belt, between mars and jupiter
asteriods
13 of 58
the sun is a star. true?
yes.
14 of 58
the solar system is part of a galaxy called...
the milky way
15 of 58
describe geocentric model of solar system. (old model)
the planets orbited the earth in order: moon, mercury, venus, sun, mars, jupiter, saturn
16 of 58
this was soon updated to the heliocentric model. describe it.
sun is center, with planets orbiting in order: mercury, venus, earth, moon, mars, jupiter, saturn
17 of 58
how did improvement in telescope technology help modify model of solar system?
allowed improved + more detailed observation of celestial bodies
18 of 58
earth travels around sun once every __ days
365
19 of 58
path earth travels is called an...
orbit
20 of 58
an object will move in straight line unless it experiences a force. so how does the earth orbit?
earth experiences gravitational force from mass of sun. force points to center of earth orbit. the velocity of earth is acting at 90 degrees to gravitational force, meaning it won't move in straight line in direction of velocity force.
21 of 58
because velocity is a __ quantity, it has direction so earths velocity constantly changes as direction earth travels changes
vector
22 of 58
the earths speed changes. true?
no. stays constant because it doesn't have direction dependence as speed is scalar quaniaty
23 of 58
the only two planets in our solar system without natural satellites are...
mercury and venus (closest to sun)
24 of 58
gravatational force on satilite due to earth is greater when __ (closer/further away?) from earth
closer
25 of 58
a saterilite in a lower orbit (closer to earth) need to travel at ___ (slower/faster?) speed to remain in orbit
faster
26 of 58
meaning it takes longer for a satellite ___ (closer/further away) from earth to orbit
further away
27 of 58
a stable orbit is when the d__ and s___ remain constant over long period of time
distance and speed
28 of 58
if satellite uses its thrusters to lower height of orbit, its speed will...
increase
29 of 58
A stars life cycle begins when clouds of __ and ___ are pulled together due to gravitational forces
dust and gas
30 of 58
most the cloud is made fom...
hydrogen
31 of 58
this cloud is called a...
nebula
32 of 58
gravitational attraction causes dust/gas cloud to ___
contract
33 of 58
this converts potential energy of gas/dust particles into...
kinetic energy
34 of 58
this increases __ and ___ of nebula
temp and pressure
35 of 58
___ draws particles to center, increases mass at center
gravity/gravitational attraction
36 of 58
because there's more mass at center, the gravitational attraction __ (decreases/increases?)
increases
37 of 58
so ___ increases as the mass increases
gravity
38 of 58
temp and pressure increase as they compress, forming a ___ at center of nebula
protostar
39 of 58
temp/pressure increases so is hot enough for __ to occur
fusion
40 of 58
this is when ___ of life cycle of star begin
main sequence
41 of 58
fusion is when....
hydrogen nuclei fuse to form heavier helium.
42 of 58
fusion releases energy. whats it stored as?
kinetic energy for particles - mostly. some emitted as electromagnetic radiation
43 of 58
hydorgen are positive so they repel each other, meaning they must overcome e___ r___ to allow them to fuse together
electrostatic repulsion
44 of 58
what two things do we need for fusion to take place? and why?
high pressure - so particles are tightly packed - more likely to collide. High temp - so particles move faster + store more energy (energy to overcome electrostatic repulsion)
45 of 58
in main sequence, stars are stable. how are they stable?
inwards gravitational forces balance outward pressure from gas
46 of 58
What stage of life cycle is the sun in?
main sequence
47 of 58
after main sequence, a smaller star would expand to become a...
red gaint
48 of 58
this happens when hydrogen fuses heavier elements such as...
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen
49 of 58
while a larger star would become a...
red super gaint
50 of 58
larger star has fused hydrogen to helium ___ (faster/slower?) then smaller star, meaning it can produce heavier elements (up to iron)
faster
51 of 58
when all lighter elements fuse together, star collapses. this occurs when... (forces unbalanced)
gravitational forces are stronger then gas pressure so claspe under own gravity
52 of 58
red giants collapse to form... (which will then cool down to form...)
white dwarfs (dense, hot but no fusion) - cools down to form black dwarf star
53 of 58
red super gaints collapse faster due to larger mass, resulting in...
massive explosion - supernova
54 of 58
heavier elements (then iron) formed during supernova. true?
true
55 of 58
how are heavier elelements formed?
core compressed in explosion, fusing elements together then distributing them
56 of 58
smaller red supergiants become....
neutron stars (dense, made of neutrons only)
57 of 58
larger red supergiants form....
black hole (strong gravitational field - electrostatic radiation can't escape)
58 of 58

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A planet is a c___ b__ (natural forming object in space) of certain size and they orbit a star

Back

celestial body

Card 3

Front

___ is the smallest plant. It's closest to the sun. It has no natural satellite

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

___ is the second closest planet to the sun. no natural satellite

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

__ is the third closest planet. has one natural satellite

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Physics resources:

See all Physics resources »See all Astronomy resources »