Physics nuclear physics

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  • Created by: abbin003
  • Created on: 20-12-19 14:30
Give two interpretations of E=mc squared
Mass is a form of energy and the other interpretation is energy has a mass
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Define mass defect of a nucleus
The difference between the mass of the completely separated nucleons and the mass of the nucleus
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Define binding energy of a nucleus
The minimum energy required to completely separate a nucleus into its constituent protons and neutrons
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WHat is the equation for the binding energy of the nucleus
Binding energy of a nucleus = mass defect of nucleus multiplied by c squared
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What does a greater binding energy per nucleon mean in terms of stability of the nucleus
Th greater the binding energy per nucleon the more stable the nucleus
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In a fission reaction is the total binding energy before a reaction greater than the total binding energy after the reaction
Total binding energy of the particles after fission is greater
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What is the difference in binding energy before and after the fission reaction equal to
Energy released
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What is the energy released in a single fission reaction a combination of
Kinetic energy andthe energy of photons and neutrinos emitted
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What is nuclear fission
When heavy unstable nuclei can be split into two smaller nuclei
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What is nuclear fusion
When two light nuclei combine to creat a large nucleus
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What's the most likely way of nuclear fission occurring
When an element such as uranium absorbs a slow neutron
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What is the name of the neutrons that get absorbed and why
They are called thermal neutrons because there mean kinetic energy is similar to the thermal energy of particles in the reactor core
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What's the rare way of uranium isotopes goin under a fission reaction
Splitting spontaneously
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How is a chain reaction produced
If the three fast protons produced are able to slow because they can be absorbed by another uranium isotope
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Why is a coolant used
To remove the thermal energy produced from the fission reactions within the fissile fuel.
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What do fuel rods contain
Enriched uranium
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What is the role of a moderator
To slow down the fast neutrons produced in fission reactions
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What are good candidates for a moderator and why
Water and carbon because when the fast moving neutrons collide elastically with protons in water or with carbon nuclei they transfer significant kinetic energy and slow down
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What are the control rods mainly made of and why
Boron or cadmium but it can be made by any material whose nuclei readily absorbs neutrons
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Why are the position of the control rods automatically adjusted
To ensure exactly one slow neutron survives per fission reaction
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What do you do with the rods to slow down or completely stop the fission
The rods are pushed further into the reactor core
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What are one of the most hazardous materials produced in nuclear reactors
Plutonium-239
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How far do we need to bring two nuclei to fuse them and what force and conditions are needed
10 to the power of -15 so the strong nuclear force can attract them into a larger nucleus also this only works with high temperatures as they move faster so can get close enough to absorb each other
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define mass defect of a nucleus

Back

The difference between the mass of the completely separated nucleons and the mass of the nucleus

Card 3

Front

Define binding energy of a nucleus

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

WHat is the equation for the binding energy of the nucleus

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does a greater binding energy per nucleon mean in terms of stability of the nucleus

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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