Nuclear Physics
- Created by: Sophie Chapman
- Created on: 23-11-12 11:09
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- Nuclear Physics
- The Atom
- Rutherford's Atom
- Experiment which involved firing a beam of alpha particles at gold foil - alpha particle scattering
- Experiment showed most alpha particles were absorbed but some were reflected back
- Lead to the realisation that there is a poitively charrged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged particles. Most of an atom consists of empty space.
- Known Structure of an atom
- the nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons
- Protons and neutrons together are called nucleons. The nucleon number is the total amount of protons and neutrons in an atomls nucleus.
- Proton number represents the number of protons/electrons in an atom
- Electrons move around the nucleus in clouds
- Most of the atom is made up of empty space
- the nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons
- Isotopes
- An atom of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, and same number of protons/electrons.
- Fundamental Particles
- Protons and neutrons arent fundamental particles - they're made up of Quarks
- Hadrons - affected by the strong nuclear force
- Leptons - unaffected by the strong nuclear force
- Quarks can be up, down, strange, bottom, top or charm.
- In hadron interactions, the quantites of charge, baryon numver, strangeness, charm bottomness and topness are all conserved
- Rutherford's Atom
- Nuclear Power
- Nuclear Reactions
- Quantites of proton number, mass-energy and nucleon number are all conserved
- Fission
- Occurs in stars- high energy and pressures are needed.
- Untitled
- Fusion
- In induced nuclear fusion, a heavy nucleus absorbs a neutron and splits into two lighter fragments and a fast moving neutron
- Nuclear Reactions
- The Atom
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