Physic- Atomic physics

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  • Created by: Kitsune
  • Created on: 20-03-17 02:14
What can you say about the positive charge in an atom?
It's concentrated
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What is a nuclide type?
Nucleon number and proton number
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Unstable isotopes undergo...
Radioactive decay
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What are we said to be when a radioactive substance is inside us?
Contaminated
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What are we said to be when a radioactive substance hits our body?
Irradiated
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What is background radiation?
The daily low does of radiation
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Where can background radiation be found?
Radon gas in air, food and drink, cosmic rays
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What are the sources of artificial radiation?
Cancer treatment, nuclear weapons, nuclear power stations
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describe how a Geiger counter works.
Radiation enters the Geiger Muller tube. Electrical impulses are produced. The electric counter adds them up.
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Why do unstable nuclei mitt radiation?
To become more stable
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What is an alpha particle?
A helium nucleus
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What is a beta particle?
A high speed electron
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Are alpha particles lighter then beta particles?
No. Vice versa
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What are gamma rays?
A form of electromagnetic radiation
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What is a particle of electromagnetic radiation?
A photon
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Which radiation travels fastest?
Gamma
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What happens to an atom when it decays?
It becomes another element
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What energy do alpha and beta particles have?
Kinetic
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Which particles are most easily absorbed?
Alpha
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What absorbs alpha particles?
Paper, skin
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What absorbs beta particles?
Metal
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Which particles are most penetrating?
Gamma
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What absorbs gamma rays?
Several cm of lead
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What is ionizing radiation?
Radiation interacting with other molecules and knocking off electrons
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Which particles are most ionizing?
Alpha
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What should a container that has a radioactive substance be able to do?
Absorb as much radiation as possible so it doesn't escape
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What radiation is slowest?
Alpha
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What charge does gamma radiation has?
It's not charged
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What rule is used to see the direction in which particles are deflected by a magnetic field?
Fleming's left hand rule
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What direction are gamma rays deflected in a magnetic field?
They are undeflected since they have no charge
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What is half life?
Average time taken for half of atoms in a sample to decay
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What is the activity of a sample?
Number of atoms that decay in a second, measure in becquerels
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What is activity of a sample measure in?
Becquerels
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Radiation damages DNA in the nucleus, causing...
uncontrollable division of cells (cancer)
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Radiation affects gametes, causing...
Mutation in offsprings
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Explain why a smoke detector is silent.
Radiation from the source falls on the detector, producing a small current in the detector. Output is OFF. The alarm is silent
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Explain why a smoke detector is ringing.
Smoke absorbs alpha radiation so there is no current in the detector. Output of the processing circuit is ON.
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What radiation is used in smoke detectors?
Alpha
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What radiation is used to measure thickness of paper?
Beta
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How does radiation therapy work?
Gamma rays are targeted at the tumor
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How does food irradiation work?
Gamma rays kill bacteria and prevent decay
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Describe how sterilization works.
Items are placed in a plastic bag. They undergo gamma radiation. bacteria inside are dead and no new bacteria can enter.
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What is radioactive tracing?
Using radiation to detect other substances.
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Where is radioactive tracing used?
Radioactive labelling and genetic fingerprint
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How does radiocarbon dating work?
When an organism dies carbon 14 atoms continue decaying. Amounts decrease with time. The amount of carbon 14 left is measured and used to identify the amount that was originally present.
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What are the uses of radiation related to penetrating power?
Smoke detectors, thickness measurements, medical diagnosis, fault detection
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What are the uses of radiation related to cell damage?
Radiation therapy, food irradiation, sterilization,
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What are the uses of radiation related to detectability?
Radioactive tracing
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What are the uses of radiation related to radioactive decay?
Radiocarbon dating
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Describe fault detection in pipes.
A photographic film is strapped to the outside of the pipe. The radioactive source is placed on the inside. When the film is developed, it looks like an X ray picture and shows any faults.
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Describe medical diagnosis using gamma radiation.
The patient is injected with a radioactive chemical that targets the problem area. Then a camera detects the radiation coming from the chemical and gives an image of the tissue under investigation
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How does food irradiation work?
Gamma rays are used to kill microbes.
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Why is gamma radiation used to kill microbes?
Because they are single celled organisms. Any cell damage can kill them.
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Describe how thickness measurements using radiation work.
Beta radiation is directed through the paper as it comes off the production line. Detector measures the amount of radiation getting through. If the paper is too thick, the radiation level will be low. An automatic control system adjusts thickness.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a nuclide type?

Back

Nucleon number and proton number

Card 3

Front

Unstable isotopes undergo...

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are we said to be when a radioactive substance is inside us?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are we said to be when a radioactive substance hits our body?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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