Home > A Level and IB > Religious Studies > Philosophy of Religion (The Nature of God, Religious Language and 20th Century Perspectives on Religious Language)
Philosophy of Religion (The Nature of God, Religious Language and 20th Century Perspectives on Religious Language)
The philosophical theory that people are free agents who have control over their choices and actions
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Immutable
Unchangeable over time or unable to be changed
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Atemporal
Existing outside of time
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Temporal
Existing in time
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Predestination
We have no freedom of the will as God already knows all our future actions
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Cognitive sentence
A sentence about which it is appropriate to ask whether it is true or false
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Non-cognitive sentence
A sentence where it is not appropriate to ask if it is true or false
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Via positiva
The claim that we are able to make certain positive statements about God (what God is)
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Via negativa
The approach to religious language that we can only state what God is not
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Analogy
A comparison between one thing and another, usually for the purpose of clarification or explanation
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Univocal language
Words used with identical meanings in different sentences
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Equivocal language
The same word used with entirely different meanings in different sentences
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Analogy of Attribution
We can say something about an author or maker from the product that has been created (God and Earth)
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Analogy of Proportion
From a lesser object, we can say that something else, such as God, has proportionately more of the same quality
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Sign
For Paul Tillich, something that points to something else by a convention (a road sign)
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Symbol
For Paul Tillich, something which participates in that which it points to (a flag represents a nation but also is part of the reality of that nation)
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Logical positivism
The philosophical approach adopted by the Vienna Circle, which avoided metaphysics as meaningless and believed the task of the philosopher was the logical analysis of sentences - separating the meaningful from the meaningless
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Tautology
A sentence where one part is repeated but in a different way (a priori and true by definition) - maths
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Empirically verifiable proposition
A sentence where we can determine the truth of it by observation (sense experience)
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Verification principle
A.J. Ayer's distinguishing of 2 types of verification (strong and weak)
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Strong verification
Requires conclusive empirical evidence - rejected by Ayer and others as impossible
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Weak verification
States that one must be able to state what empirical evidence would make a sentence probable
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