Pharmacodynamics

What is pharmacology the science of?

Proporties of drugs and their effects on the body

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Define the term Pharmacodynamics

The physiological effects of the drug and their mechanisms of action

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Define Pharmacokinetics `

The physiological processes that effect the concentration of the drug in the body

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Which one is 'what the body does to the drug' and which one is 'what the drug does to the body'?

Pharmacokinetics = what the body does to the drug. Pharmacodynamics = what the drug does to the body

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What is the difference between Indication and Contraindication?

Indication = the condition/illness which the drug is prescribed for (what INDICATES need for drug). Contraindication = when a drug is NOT recommended for use in a particular condition (e.g. allergies)

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What does the term 'caution' relate to?

When you have to be careful about giving a drug to a particular group of people (e.g. children, pregnant people)

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PHARMACODYNAMICS

See next

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Drugs simply i_ with preexisting biological mechanisms and pathways.

interact

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DRUG TARGETS (Pharmacodynamics)

See next

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What are the 4 major groups of drug targets? 1) E_, 2) R_ R_; 3) I_ C_; and 4) C_

1. Enzymes; 2) Regulatory Receptors 3) Ion Channels; 4) Carriers

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Outline the simple scheme of biological pathways... by m_ pathway, a molecule (e.g. sugar) is b_ d_ by an e_ into smaller molecules (e.g. Glucose and Fructose)

By METABOLIC pathway, a molecule (e.g. sugar) is BROKEN DOWN by an ENZYME into smaller molecules (e.g. Glucose and Fructose)

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What is the function of enzymes?

Shape speciifc, catalyse biological pathways and metabolise certain molecules

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Enzymes are catalysts... what does this mean?

They speed up metabolic reactions

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An enzyme's shape speicifc active site can only interact with molecules of a specific s_

An enzyme's shape speicifc active site can only interact with molecules of a specific SHAPE

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What is the main hypothesis related to metabolisation of drugs?

Lock and Key hypothesis

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Binding site is also known as A_ site

Active Site

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What is the 'lock' and what is the 'key' of the lock and key hypothesis?

Lock = active site. Key = molecule

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Binding sites are specific to what?

Shape

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For a drug to be therapeutically useful, it must act s_ on particular cells. This means they must show a high degree of B_ S_ s_

For a drug to be therapeutically useful, it must act SELECTIVELY on particular cells. This means they must show a high degree of BINDING SITE SPECIFICITY

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REGULATORY RECEPTORS (Pharmacodynamics)

See next

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What are the function of regulatory receptors? Where are they located? What are they activated by?

Located on outside of cell. Changes activity of the cell when activated by things like hormones.

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Are they shape specific?

Yes

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How do drugs interact with regulatory receptors?

Drugs can be created to mimic the shape of activating molecules (e.g. hormones) to turn the regulatory receptors on and off.

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What would a drug with agonistic effects do to a regulatory receptor site?

Turn it on

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What would a drug with antagonistic effects do to a regulatory receptor site?

Turn if off

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What are ion channels? What do they do?

Little pores through the cell membrane which allow ions to move in and out. Shape specific

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How do drugs affect ion channels?

Blocking these channels

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What are carriers? What do they do?

Carry shape specific molecules in and out a cell by spinning it around and ejecting it in/out of the cell.

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How do drugs affect ion channels? 2 ways

1. Blocking it preventing

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Pharmacodynamics

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