Perception of Depth/Size, Distance and Motion

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How do we see in 3D when the image that arrives on our retina is 2D?
The addition of contextual information.
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Why does our retina only see in 2D?
The inverted process caused by the upside down nature of our visual processing means we only get a 2D version on our retina.
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What is Linear Perspective? (cue, type)
A MONOCULAR, PICTORIAL cue: two parallel lines will converge with distance. The greater the distance, the greater the convergence.
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A pictorial cue refers to what?
Information present in what we see.
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Monocular cues are what?
Cues that only require one eye to be used sufficiently for perception.
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What are oculomotor cues?
The addition of information from the visual system for accurate perception.
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What are binocular cues?
Require two eyes
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What is Interposition? (cue, type)
Monocular; pictorial; when an object overlaps another object, we perceive the overlapping object to be closer than the one beneath.
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What is Relative size? (cue, type)
Monocular; pictorial; when objects are of the same size, the one casting the larger picture will be perceived as being closer than the object that is casting a smaller image.
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What is Texture Gradient? (cue, type)
Monocular; pictorial; as the distance increases, the amount of texture in the image decreases until single units of texture become uniform
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What is Height in the visual field? (cue, type)
Monocular; pictorial; objects that are higher in the visual field appear to be further away than those lower in the visual field.
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What is Shading? (cue, type)
Monocular; pictorial; the light and shadow in the image determining the perception (light coming from above or below)
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what is image blur?
our eyes have a limited depth of field, and this can result in a phenomenon known as image blur.
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What is Atmospheric Perspective? (cue, type)
Monocular; Pictorial; More distant objects are perceived less clearly than closer objects.
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What is Accommodation?
The lens changes shape depending on which part of the visual field is required to be in focus. For objects far away, the lens flattens out. For objects close, the lens curves. The physical change in lens shape relays information to the brain.
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What is Motion Parallax? (cue, type)
Monocular; motion produced; Objects close to us appear to move faster than those further away during active motion
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What type of cue is Accommodation?
Monocular;Oculomotor
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What is Kinetic Depth Effect?
Monocular; motion produced; 3D information can only be perceived when the object in question is moving.
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What is convergence? (cue, type)
Binocular; when we look at an object close to use the two eyes will rotate inward. This translates as depth information to the brain.
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What is binocular disparity (cue,type)
If the two images for each eye are very different, the brain will perceive that the object is very close to us, and vice versa if the images are similar.
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What is vertical disparity?
Differences in vertical locations of features between the eyes.
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What is Aliasing?
When a receptor receives a rapid sequence of images and responds to all of them, distorting the frequency of the signal and the accuracy of perception with regards to motion.
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What is Akinetopsia?
Motion agnosia: cannot perceive movement properly although ability to see stationary objects is unimpaired.
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Akinetopsia is caused by what kind of lesion?
Bilateral lesion in V5/MT (Medial Temporal)
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What are the three facets of 'real' movement?
Movement of an Object (Image moves on the Retina), An Observer moves (image moves on the retina) Object is tracked (Image is stationary on the retina)
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What is apparent movement?
Motion that we perceive that does not actually happen
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What is stroboscopic movement?
Cues that are the same but viewed consecutively will be perceived as one moving entity
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What is induced movement?
Contextual information induces the illusion of movement
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What is the Auto Kinetic effect?
In darkness, areas of light appear to move.
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Abi looks at a waterfall for a prolonged amount of time. when she looks away at the grass, the grass appears to move. What is this known as and why does it happen?
Apparent movement; Motion after effect. After prolonged stimulation of motion receptors, removal will incur the perception of motion even when stimuli is static.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why does our retina only see in 2D?

Back

The inverted process caused by the upside down nature of our visual processing means we only get a 2D version on our retina.

Card 3

Front

What is Linear Perspective? (cue, type)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

A pictorial cue refers to what?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Monocular cues are what?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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