Object Perception
- Created by: Shannon
- Created on: 13-01-15 12:22
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- Object Perception
- Depth perception
- 3D Perception
- Experience with environment provides us with connections between depth and cues.
- Oculomotor
- When we focus on objects, we notice the position of our eyes and tension of eye muscles.
- Allows us to determine depth
- Convergence: Eyes move inwards when focussing on close objects
- Accommodation: The way lens changes shape on objects at different distances
- When we focus on objects, we notice the position of our eyes and tension of eye muscles.
- Monocular: Can detect depth with just one eye
- Pictorial Cues
- Occlusion:objects hidden by others are further away
- Relative height: Above horizon lower objects further, below horizon, higher objects further.
- Relative size: objects taking less of visual field appear further away.
- Familiar size: Knowledge of the usual size of objects Known larger object must be further away than smaller object if they appear the same size.
- Atmospheric perspective: Blurred objects further away.
- Linear perspective: Parallel lines converge the further away
- Texture gradient: more densely packed objects the further away
- Movement cues
- Motion parallax: near objects move past quicker than those further away
- Motion Agnosia (Zihl et al. (1983)): Patient able to see objects but not movement.Brain scan revealed damage to cortex bordering occipital and temporal lobes.
- Deletion/ accretion: Nearer object covers or displays object as you move past. Further away objects are, the slower the process.
- Motion Agnosia (Zihl et al. (1983)): Patient able to see objects but not movement.Brain scan revealed damage to cortex bordering occipital and temporal lobes.
- Motion parallax: near objects move past quicker than those further away
- Pictorial Cues
- Binocular
- Stereopsis (Wheatstone, 1802-1875)
- Binocular Disparity: Light from an object reflects onto a specific region on the retina. Scene is viewed by eyes at different angles, so each get a different image. Measured by superimposing retinas onto each other. More disparate angle, the closer objects are to person.
- Stationary object will move across retina if person is moving, but it takes more to determine if object is actually moving...
- Object moves across retina without any detected movement of head, body or eyes.
- Image is stationary but detected movement of head, body or eyes.
- Movement of both, but not to the same degree and image does not match.
- Stationary object will move across retina if person is moving, but it takes more to determine if object is actually moving...
- Oculomotor
- Experience with environment provides us with connections between depth and cues.
- 3D Perception
- Gestalt psychology
- Whole is the sum of its parts
- Laws of perceptual organisation
- 1. Pragnanz: Simplest pattern seen
- 2. Good continuation: Aids object recognition. Clean continuous lines following smoothest path belong together
- 3. Proximity: Grouping of physically close items
- 4. Symmetry: Symmetrical items are associated to form single groups. This can overrule proximity.
- 5. Similarity: Items that have a similar colour, shape or form are grouped together.
- 6. Common Fate: Thing that move in the same direction are grouped
- 7. Familiarity: Group meaningful/ familiar objects e.g. see faces in a camouflage picture. Impossible to not see them after.
- 8. Conectedness: Rock & Palmer (1990) found things that are connected are viewed as one unit
- Laws of perceptual organisation
- Figure & Ground
- Figure is in front of ground
- Figure is more object-like than ground
- Ground extends beyond figure
- Figure is smaller than ground
- Untitled
- Ground is unformed material
- Figure is more memorable
- Separating contour belongs to figure
- Reversible figure & ground
- Whole is the sum of its parts
- Illusory Movement
- Stroboscopic movement: Objects flash into sight in quick succession to give the impression movement.
- Movement after-effect: Continuous exposure to motion in the same direction results in appearance of motion in post stationary object.
- Induced Movement: movement of one object produces the perception of movement in another.
- Depth perception
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