Perception

?
What is perception?
integration of stimulation from the senses
1 of 55
What is meant by inferences?
trying to conclude what is going on based on data
2 of 55
The CNS compensates for variations in 'raw data' that the brain perceives as constant - what is this?
Perceptual constancy
3 of 55
What does the brightness contrast say about perceptual constancy?
perception of brightness also depends on the light being reflected from surrounding surfaces
4 of 55
What is phonemic restoration?
filling in missing words from a sentence using memory and language
5 of 55
What are illusory contours?
we can see shapes even though there are no boundaries
6 of 55
How do degraded figures relates to 'filling in the gaps'?
we can know what an image is even if it's not all clear
7 of 55
What is a perceptual set?
a readiness to interpret stimuli depending on top-down processes
8 of 55
What are perceptually ambiguous figures?
figures with the same 'raw material' but can be interpreted in different ways
9 of 55
How can you bias someones interpretation of ambiguous figures?
by manipulating their perceptual set
10 of 55
The question over whether we ever see the world objectively links back to what other theory?
The Malevolent Demon
11 of 55
Why may we never see 'objective reality'?
A large portion of it is out of our range
12 of 55
What did Stratton do?
He wore goggles that inverted the world and adapted to it
13 of 55
What is depth perception?
The ability to judge distance
14 of 55
What is absolute distance?
distance between observer and object
15 of 55
What is relative distance?
the distance between objects
16 of 55
Which depth cues require both eyes?
Binocular
17 of 55
What does convergence tells us about depth?
eyes move closer together when an object moves closer - the muscle tension cues depth
18 of 55
What does binocular (retinal) disparity mean?
the two eyes see the world slightly differently - the difference cues depth
19 of 55
What is it when objects that are closer move faster?
Motion Parallax
20 of 55
What is it when the size of an object can help determine depth?
Relative size
21 of 55
What is it when a close object covers an object further away?
occlusion
22 of 55
What is it when parallel lines meet at a vanishing point on the horizon?
linear perspective
23 of 55
What is it when objects at a distance are more dense and less detailed?
texture gradient
24 of 55
What is it when object further away are fuzzier due to moisture in the air?
aerial perspective
25 of 55
What is happening when visual illusions occur?
top-down processes are fooling us
26 of 55
What is the Muller-Lyer illusion?
where size consistency causes same sized images to look larger/smaller
27 of 55
What is the Ponzo illusion?
when our perceptual system makes a same sized retinal image appear larger/smaller
28 of 55
How do we know auditory perception is innate?
newborns turn to face sound
29 of 55
How can we locate an object using auditory perception?
disparity of sound between each ear, overall intensity of sound, time taken for sound to reach the ear
30 of 55
How does the perceptual system allow us to see stable objects even when moving our eyes?
it compensates for voluntary eye movements
31 of 55
How do we determine whether we are moving or if an object is moving?
we look at how the background moves in relation to the object
32 of 55
What other sense can tell us about movement?
hearing
33 of 55
What is it called when we fill in the gaps of successive motionless images?
apparent motion
34 of 55
What is an example of the phi-phenomenon
loading signs
35 of 55
What is an example of induced motion?
clouds moving in front of the moon
36 of 55
What is the motion after effect?
when something appears to move in the opposite direction after stopping suddenly
37 of 55
What type of process is involved with feature analysis?
bottom-up
38 of 55
What cells are used to detect features?
ganglion cells
39 of 55
What do the ganglion cells do once activated?
activate stored representations of letters in memory
40 of 55
What did Gestalt say?
the whole is greater than the sum of the parts
41 of 55
What does the Gestalt theory argue?
we cannot understand perception until we look at what the 'whole' is
42 of 55
Which two other theories do the Gestalt theory support?
filling in the gaps and perceptually ambiguous figures
43 of 55
Which two organizing principles form Gestalts?
figure/ground distinction and grouping principles
44 of 55
Which three make up 'grouping principles'?
proximity, good continuation, closure
45 of 55
Picking out the speaker from the audience is an example of which Gestalt principle in sound?
figure/ground distinction
46 of 55
Words that sound the same can be determined with context. Which Gestalt principle is this?
Perceptual ambiguity
47 of 55
The notes next to each other form a melody. Which Gestalt principle is this in sound?
proximity
48 of 55
not getting the lead singer and backing singers mixed up is an example of which Gestalt principle in sound?
good continuation
49 of 55
Filling in words of a phone call with poor connection is an example of which Gestalt principle?
closure
50 of 55
How can Gestalt principles be applied to problem solving?
with insight problems where a person must 'flip' to a different Gestalt
51 of 55
How is perceptual organisation shown in 'nature'?
infants recognize visual cliffs, new borns show preference for shaps that resemble the human face
52 of 55
What did the kitten experiment show?
feature detector cells can be trained to be sensitive to orientations
53 of 55
What did the kitten experiment show?
there is a 'critical period' for tuning feature detector cells
54 of 55
What is perceptual adaptation and differentiation?
we adjust to things easily, experience defines perception
55 of 55

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is meant by inferences?

Back

trying to conclude what is going on based on data

Card 3

Front

The CNS compensates for variations in 'raw data' that the brain perceives as constant - what is this?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does the brightness contrast say about perceptual constancy?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is phonemic restoration?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Perception resources »