Parties and Party Systems

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S B J V W R Y L W M C S K M U B D S Y G V
G V F Q C X X O E K U X L L X E M Q Y N B
Z Y Y F I E K G T X N P A T A F F C A S J
O H M H P L N E J S S B T M Q N I K U G P
C S R I N C R I B D X A W A R H K P T B G
D E K M B A R D O R B Y M V V O Q Y L T N
N K C J J D T W I U X U L U R I S F F B W
A G M K A C N K R Y L I W D P U I E I C B
K R Q I F S E Q S I T A N S Q X S I K G O
O C Y C S R P A J N K A E A O L W L E E X
O K M X R T R P R R T T C I E X L A M M E
H V K S J H H F V E O R E H R X D U E H T
S T X Y W A H A S V L F C K B D A Y F Y V
E T T T R F D P G P B I T S U T J S Y J T
D E P T G D I N Y S M F K V G K M Q T P U
R N T I N L I J X Y S N E O Q X K Y R A S
O W A U E Y G H C R R R U O U L Y G A L N
A Q S X U L M X P M G H F Q M A V S C X X
A T N B N Y G D A E X Q R S A R T O R I P
I A L X C V P T R K K B C C E Q I E S H P
A A I T W G K G T T S G V E G Y K H W K M

Clues

  • To whom does the frozen cleavages idea belong? (6, 3, 6)
  • What is clientilism? (6, 5)
  • Who argues that moderate multipartism is only favourable on the condition that all parties are minority parties? (8)
  • Who compares parties to McDonalds? (5)
  • Who introduced median voter theorem? (5)
  • Who say that Duverger is wrong about electoral formula's effect on the number of parties and that the formula exists to serve the demand for parties due to social cleavages? (9, 3, 3)
  • Who says that 'it has already been shown that there exists no centre opinion...tendency... doctrine separate in any kind from the doctrines of the right or left- but only a dilution of their doctrines'? (8)
  • Who says that even parties committed to democracy become dominated by a ruling elite? (7)
  • Who says that two opposition parties may be further away from each other than the government? (7)
  • Who says the new parties now emerge by finding a new policy dimension (immigration/environment)? (5)

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