Parental Care and Investment

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  • Created by: Dazza_G
  • Created on: 06-12-16 23:03
What are the Benefits of Parental Care?
Improved Offspring Survival and Quality.
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What are the Costs of Parental Care?
Could be Foraging, laying more eggs, or pursuing other mates.
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What is the definition of Parental Care?
Anything likely to improve the reproductive potential of the offspring.
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What is the definition of Parental Investment?
Anything done for the offspring that increases offspring survival, while decreasing the parents’ ability to produce additional offspring.
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What are the Types of Parental Care?
Establishing/Maintaining territories, Production/Provision of gametes, Care of Fertilised eggs/Offspring without provisioning, Provisioning offspring, before/after birth, care after nutritional independence and Care of mature offspring
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What is meant by Establishing/Maintaining territories?
Parents put effort into creating nests, burrows and territories to ensure offspring survival.
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What is meant by the Production of Gametes?
When a female produces an egg she is provisioning them with gametes which improves their survival chances.
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What is meant by the Care of fertilised eggs?
Generally looking after them, by keeping them warm/safe.
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What is meant by Provisioning of offspring before hatching/birth?
Providing resources prior to species birth, i.e., providing dung/insects for nutrition.
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What is meant by Provisioning of offspring after hatching/birth?
Providing resources when the offspring is born, i.e., food.
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What is meant by Care after nutritional independence?
Continued support following provision improves offspring survival chances.
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What is meant by Care of mature offspring?
Continued presence in adulthood improves reproductive potential.
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Why are females more likely to engage in paternal care?
Since females provide a greater investment in gametes it is more important for them to ensure survival. In addition females can be more certain offspring are their own.
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When do males engage in parental care?
When external fertilisation ensures paternity, males will then tend to these eggs
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What influences a parent's willingness to invest or rake risk for an offspring?
The parent's future prospects of reproducing and the relative value of the current offspring.
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What is Brood parasitism?
Species that exploit parental tendency to feed the largest in the brood by laying eggs in the nests of smaller birds, thereby improving their offspring’s reproductive potential.
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What is Discriminative parental solicitude?
The ability to tell young apart.
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When does Discriminative parental care tend to evolve?
When there is a real risk of directing care on unrelated young.
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What indicates Reproductive value of offspring?
Offspring display cues which indicate value, i.e. red gape or orange plumage.
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What is Parental favouritism?
Parents actively discriminate against certain offspring and either allow them to starve or their siblings to kill them.
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What is Siblicide?
Older offspring attack and/or drive out younger siblings which results in their deaths.
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Why do parents engage in Favouritism/offspring engage in Siblicide?
Environmental uncertainty and to insure against failures.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the Costs of Parental Care?

Back

Could be Foraging, laying more eggs, or pursuing other mates.

Card 3

Front

What is the definition of Parental Care?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the definition of Parental Investment?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the Types of Parental Care?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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