Chromosomes are in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. They each contain a molecule of DNA which contain genes. Chromosomes hold instructions for making genes.
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Describe DNA and histone proteins
The DNA that makes each chromosome is wrapped around histone proteins. DNA and proteins together are called chromatin.
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What are the replicas produced called and what happens when they are separated?
A pair of sister chromatids. When separated, they will each end up as a new daughter cell.
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What must happen before the cell can divide to produce 2 daughter cells.
The DNA must be replicated.
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What is the result of DNA replication?
2 replicas are produced. Each is an exact copy of the original and they remain held together at the centromere.
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What happens to the chromatin before the daughter cells are produced?
Chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes. Chromosomes can take up stains and be viewed under a light microscope.
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What is the result if the genes are not copied precisely?
The resulting mutation may mean the new cells fail to function.
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What are the factors affecting the speed of the cycle?
The species, cell type and availability of nutrients.
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What are the stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase, which includes the S phase and growth phase, mitosis and cytokinesis.
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What happens during the S phase and growth phase in interphase?
In the S phase, the DNA replicates. In the growth phase, proteins, organelles and other components are made.
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What happens during mitosis?
The nucleus divides and chromatids separate.
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What happens during cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm divides/cleaves.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Describe chromosomes and their role
Back
Chromosomes are in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. They each contain a molecule of DNA which contain genes. Chromosomes hold instructions for making genes.
Card 3
Front
Describe DNA and histone proteins
Back
Card 4
Front
What are the replicas produced called and what happens when they are separated?
Back
Card 5
Front
What must happen before the cell can divide to produce 2 daughter cells.
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