the distinctive ideas, customs, social behaviour, products or way of a particular nation, society, people or period (OECD, 2018)
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Nation definition
a large aggregate of communities and individuals united by factors such as common descent, language, culture, history or occupation of the same territory, so as to form a distinct people (OECD, 2018)
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3 views of culture
Positivist, Interpretive, Critical
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What is meant by positivist
variable, knowledge is objective and independent
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What is meant by Interpretive
shared meaning, challenges world view, knowledge subjective and constructive
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What is meant by critical
weapon of power and domination, knowledge constructive and political
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Hofstede year
1980
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What was Hofstede survey terms
116,000 employees, 50 countries
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Power Distance
less powerful members of institutions accept and expect power is distributed unequally (human inequality)
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Uncertainty avoidance
comfortable/uncomfortable in unstructured situations (controlling the uncontrollable)
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Individualism/collectivism
look after yourself/look after the group
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Masculinity/Femininity
distribution of emotional roles between gender
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Why is this useful for HRM
global solutions to organisation and management problems do not exist
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Alion critique year
2008
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Alion critique
undermined the assumption US management knowledge is universal and easily transferable across cultures
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Positivism critique
inaccurate and too reductive (middle, class, IBM)
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Geertz Interpretation of Cultures year
1973
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Geertz Interpretation of Culture
no interpretations are static, singular, independent, but objective and fluid
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Gersten and Zoller year
2012
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Gersten and Zolner on Interpretivist view
encourages managers to attend to national cultures as processes not facts: more sensitive and reflexive HRM
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Why do national culture theories cause power struggles
never politically neutral, ideologies of domination, exploitation and emancipation
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Ybema and Blum study year
2009
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What was the study
Dutch firms in Japan / Japanese firms in the Netherlands to see cultural identities
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What were the findings of Ybema and Byum on Dutch workers thoughts on Japanese
made decisions too slowly and were secretive, aways needing managerial approval
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What were the findings of Ybema and Byum on Japanese workers thoughts on Dutch
made decisions too quickly in open discussions, were harsh and rash
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Interpretivist approach to global assignments - Gabel year
2005
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Gabel on intl. assignments with interpretivist approach
empathy, social responsibility and social relations may predict better performance
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What % of research is carried out in the US or UK (Batt and Banegee, 2009)
96%
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Nation definition
Back
a large aggregate of communities and individuals united by factors such as common descent, language, culture, history or occupation of the same territory, so as to form a distinct people (OECD, 2018)
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