What problems faced Mussolini in 1922 when he came to power?
1) Other political parties 2) Independent trade unions 3) lack popularity required 4)regular democratic elections 5)civil rights 6) conservative and liberal aspirations to "tame" fascism.
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How did the gaining of Emergency powers in 1922 help Mussolini?
1)emergency powers for 12 months 2) laws by himself - Bypass Paliament 3) make him stronger 4) less reliant on others 5) opposition less powerful
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How did the appointment of key Fascists help Mussolini?
1)Gained control of most important ministries - Foreign Ministry = DeStefani - Ministry of Interior = DeBono 2) Finance and Police under control 3) Loyal Fascists secretaries 4) Liberals and conservatives involved for appearence of moderation
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How did Mussolini control Fascism in terms of the Grand council and the new Fascist militia?
1) Grand council= leading members of PNF= Dominates other Fascists 2) Militia =(squadristi disciplined) state funded=MSVN=ExArmy officers limited to 300000 men =oath + powerful private army= weak army oppostition + coup less likely 3) BRING CONTROL
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What was the Cheka and what role did they play in Mussolini's consolodation of power?
1) personal bodyguard 2) protected him 3) intimidated political opponents 4) Ameriqo Dumini = Cheka leader = Murdered Giacomo Matteotti
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Why was the Acerbo ( electoral) Law an important turning point?
1) It propelled the Fascists hugely 2) Only finish top of votes and get 2/3 of seats 3) changed Italian politics 4) ends weak coalition
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How did Fascism win the 1924 election?
1) Beat up+ injured socalists 2) killed candidates 3) rigged vote in south 4) Propaganda 5) Acerbo Law
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How did the murder of Matteotti threaten to end Mussolini's reign of power?
1) serious political fall out 2)clear fascists did it 3)bad impact on image 4)Mat= leading socialist= kidnapped +murdered 5)Liberals+conservatives became critical- protested by withdrawing from parliament- AVENTINE SECESSION
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How did Mussolini control the Matteotti crisis?
Made a speech + took personal blame + argued that his death was necessary to save from socialist government
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How was Mussolini able to survive and strengthen his position in the wake of the Matteotti Murder?
1) Responded slowly 2) Aventine secession = socialist deputies withdrew from Parliament in protest + liberals + conservatives were critical 3) still recieved king support4) took personal blame for murder in speech argued violence necessary
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What laws did Mussolini introduce in the Legge Fascistissime or dictorship of 1925?
1)banned politcal opposition 2)banned trade unions 3)replaced democratially elected local mayors with unelected fascists 4) tightened press censorship 5) parliament lost right to sack PM 6)M=Right to rule by decree 7)M= Il Duce
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How did Fascism use propaganda to strengthen Mussolini's position?
1)PNF targeted all groups with diff messages2)Photographers used low angles to hide he was short3)never photographed wearing glasses4)head shaved to hide receding hairline5)******* photos=strong chest6)Napoleonic poses7)"Mussolini is always right
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What separate messages did he send out?
1)Middle class = anti-communism2) working class= Fascist left = anti-capitalist 3) old people = "italy has grown out of ancient culture" 4) young people =Fascism is new dynamic force of change5)CULT OF DUCE=either all powerful leader or man of people
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How did Fascism use terror to strengthen Mussolini's position?
1)Squadristi threatened revelutionary violence+Socialist/unionmembers2)2000politicalopponents murdered 1922-25 3)MSVN intimidated voters4)OVRA=PoliticalpoliceNov 1926=700agents=prisoncamps in Lipori+Lampedusa6000 Political Prisoners+bar owners+doctor
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How did Fascism use terror to strengthen Mussolini's position?
5)4596 ppl guilty of political crimes 6)Tribunal for defence of state7)Antisemitism=banned marriages+banned millitary+banned owning land+expelled teachers+expelled civil service+ barred foreign jews 8) sent Jews to Nazi extermination camps
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How did Fascism use censorship to strengthen Mussolini's position?
1)Ministry of Popular Culture=MINICULPOP=propaganda+enlightenment2)Press-remved antifascist editrs-Fascist r close down3)Cinema=board-Jude+Mum(ordinary italian)+official from office public security-ISTITUTO LUCE=Republic for public info+ progov films
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How did the gaining of Emergency powers in 1922 help Mussolini?
Back
1)emergency powers for 12 months 2) laws by himself - Bypass Paliament 3) make him stronger 4) less reliant on others 5) opposition less powerful
Card 3
Front
How did the appointment of key Fascists help Mussolini?
Back
Card 4
Front
How did Mussolini control Fascism in terms of the Grand council and the new Fascist militia?
Back
Card 5
Front
What was the Cheka and what role did they play in Mussolini's consolodation of power?
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