stains living cells: dark blue-nucleus light blue-cytoplasm
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Use and colour of 'IODINE SOLUTION'
Stains living plant cells: very dark blue starch grains
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Use and colour of 'LIGHT GREEN'
Stains plant cell walls: green
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Use and colour of 'ACETIC ORCEIN'
Staining nuclei and chromosomes: red
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optical microscope benefits:
cheap, easy to use, portable, used to study alive specimens
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Light Microscope: Magnification
x1500
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Light microscope: Radiation used and wavelength
Visible Light- 400-700nm
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Total magnification=
magnifying power of objective lens x magnifying power of eyepiece lens
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nucleolus
Ribosome factory! composed of DNA and protein.There is no chromosomes involved and is positioned inside the nucleus.
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Nucleus
Contains the genetic material called chromatin. They have a double membrane known as the nuclear envelope which regualtes the flow of substances in/out. The two membranes fuse to make nuclear pores so organelles such as ribosomes can pass through.
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Mitochondria
Main power station.Location for aerobic respiration. Sausage shaped with walls consisting of two membranes. The inner membrane is crinkled for a larger surface area and forms projections of cisternae (inside this is the matrix).
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Ribosomes
Consist of large and small sub units. May be attached to the ER. They read amino acids and synthesise proteins. found all around the cell and usually 25-30nm.
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough studded surface (make by ribosomes which are composed of RNA and proteins, so is the site of protein synthesis).Made from a system of flattened cavities lined with a thing membrane which acts as a transport system. It runs through the cytosol.
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Golgi Apparatus
Flattened layers of plate-like membranes. Proteins made by the RER are pinched off and surrounded by a membrane forming a vesicle. Moves through the cytosol fusing with the golgi then the vessel proteins are modifyed for export.
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Lysomomes (single-membrane)
float around the cytoplasm until needed.Hold enzymes that were created by the cell. These enzymes proteins are created in the ER and are then packaged and sent to the golgi. the golgi pinches off a small piece of the protein. Suicide bags digesters
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth surface but alike to the RER. Role is to synthesis lipids and steriods. Has a tubular characteristic forming interconnecting network sub-components of ER. distributed in cytoplasm.
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Centrioles
Made of microtubules and help the cell divide.Used in meiosis and mitosis. Round or rod shaped and found in the nucleus. Positioned in threes and form spindles. Found at right angles to each other.
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Flagella
9+2 arrangement with a whip like structure. Similar to cillia and found in 1s or 2s. They have an axoneme and occur in gametes of algae, fungi, moss and slime. Powered by ATP.
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Cillia
Hair like structure. 9+2 arrangement between 1-10 long. Waving rythem controlled by centrioles but require energy. found coming from epithelial cells and used to transport through liquids.
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Chloroplast
Pairs of membranes called thylokolas arranged in series of stackes called granum. The stroma surrounds the internal membrane. cell wall ridgid and made of cellulose fibres and reactions of photosynthesis takes place in the membrane.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Define Resolution
Back
The ability to distinguish two separate objects which are very close together.
Card 3
Front
What often happens to resolution when an image is enlarged?
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