MAP SKILLS

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  • Created by: Jade
  • Created on: 10-03-13 17:57
Map Scale
1:25 000, 1cm= 25 000cm- 4cm= 1 km..1:50 000, 2cm= 1km - show small areas in detail.
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Grid References
Eastings; West- East. Northings; South- North. 4FIG= 1km by 1km grid square. 6FIG=100m by 100m
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Longitude and Latitude
Longitude: distance east and west of Greenwich Meridian. Latitude: distance north and south of Equator
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Spot Heights and Contours
Dot printed with number beside it= height above sea level. Difference in height between contours = 10/20 metres. Bold line= 100, 200, 300 m etc.
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Calculating Gradient
Steepness of a slope. Horizontal distance between 2 points measured(m) & Height difference between 2 points(use contours/ spot heights)...Difference in Height/ Horizontal Difference.
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Relief features
Steepness: Close contours= steep slope. Wide contours= gentle slope. Non contours= flat land. Valleys/ Floodplains: small valleys= V (on high ground) Plateaux: High and flat areas of land. Ridges: Long and narrow area of high ground.
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Relief features, continued..
Spurs: Ridge where ground slopes from high to low ground. (V in contours points to the ground)
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Drainage
Density: Total length of rivers and streams in a location (km) / by the area (km sq). High drainage density= lots of surface water, Low drainage density= very little. Channel Shape: Meanders, straight, braided channels.
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Drainage, continued..
Stream Patterns: Dendritic, Radial, Trellised.
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Clouds
Stratus. Cumulus. Cirrus. Cirrostratus, Cirrocumulus. Altostratus, Altocumulus. Stratocumulus. Nimbostratus. Cumulonimbus. OKTAS.
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Settlement.
Urban Morphology (shape of towns/ cities) nucleated, dispersed, linear.
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Distribution and density of location and settlement
Availability of communication.. accessibility of points(rd junctions) availability of land to be cultivated. need to avoid steep land/ land liable to floods.
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Communications
Different types of tracks, roads, railways, ports, airstrips, airports.
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Communications- Where are they/ What form do they take?
Roads= gentle slopes, follow valleys (avoiding flood plain-not liable to flooding) Railways= gentle gradients. Follow cuttings/ tunnels through hills/ cross lowland areas.
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Interpreting Photographs
Physical: relief, drainage, vegetation. Human: features of building, settlement, agriculture, transport, industry. Relief: Features of height/ shape of ground surface, inc naming features. Drainage: Rivers, streams, lakes (&features).
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Interpreting Photographs, continued..
Ag: Animals, fences, plots of land Identify farm buildings/ machinery. Sett:Features of buildings, types of buildings &uses, nucleated, dispersed, linear Housing: size, no.of storeys, quality, windows, building materials
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Field Sketches
Accurate reflection of observations. Accurate labeling, pointing to precise area of sketch to which they're referring.
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Graphs
Line:used for continuous changes in data, e.g. how something changes over time. IV on X axis, DV on Y axis.Bar: used when lots of data that can't be connected as they don't appear in definite order.
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Graphs, continued..
Hist: Show distributions/ frequencies. X= series of ranges of numerical values Y= number/ % of items of each value. DBG: show data that is broken down into fractions/ %. Pie: Convert % to degrees by x'ing by 3.6. Flow: indicated migration trends etc.
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Graphs, continued..
Wind rose: pictorial representation of wind direction. Scatter:Used for paired data with two variables, shows relationship between variables. Includes line of best fit.
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Graphs, continued..
Triangular: Data with 3 variables adding to 100%. Shows info for lots of places, data read in clockwise direction normally.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Eastings; West- East. Northings; South- North. 4FIG= 1km by 1km grid square. 6FIG=100m by 100m

Back

Grid References

Card 3

Front

Longitude: distance east and west of Greenwich Meridian. Latitude: distance north and south of Equator

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Dot printed with number beside it= height above sea level. Difference in height between contours = 10/20 metres. Bold line= 100, 200, 300 m etc.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Steepness of a slope. Horizontal distance between 2 points measured(m) & Height difference between 2 points(use contours/ spot heights)...Difference in Height/ Horizontal Difference.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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