Infectious Diseases: Vaccination

?
  • Created by: Bhickling
  • Created on: 15-04-21 13:56
What is a vaccination?
Any preparation that is intended to produce immunity to a disease by stimulating the production of antibodies
1 of 15
What can vaccines do?
- protect against disease
- prevent transmission of disease
- prevent/ reduce infection
2 of 15
What are the features of an effective vaccine?
- safe
- protective
- gives sustained protection
- induces neutralising antibody
- Induces protective T cells
- economically, biologically and practically appropriate
3 of 15
Name the 5 types of vaccine?
- Killed/ inactive
- Live attenuated
- Live recombinant/ vector
- sub-unit
- DNA/RNA
4 of 15
Describe killed/inactive vaccines
- simplest form
- heat-killed or chemically killed pathogen
5 of 15
Describe live attenuated vaccines
viruses, bacteria or protozoa that have been inactivated or have reduced virulence
6 of 15
Compared live vs killed vaccines in terms of administration, safety, adjuvants, stability, cost, duration of immunity?
Administration- Live= oral/nasal, parenteral, Killed= parenteral
Safety- Live= reversion to virulence, immunocompromised, response to PAMPs Killed= response to PAMPs, painful
Adjuvants- Live= not always needed, Killed= usually needed
Stability- Live= need
7 of 15
What is an adjuvant?
A substance that enhances the immune systems response to the presence of an antigen
8 of 15
Describe recombinant/ vector vaccines
- live attenuated bacteria or virus acting as carriers of recombinant antigens
-
9 of 15
What are subunit vaccines?
Vaccines constructed from antigenic components of pathogens (proteins/ peptides, synthetic peptides, recombinant proteins, carbohydrate antigens)
10 of 15
Describe how recombinant proteins can be used to develop a subunit vaccine
- identify genes of target antigen/ epitope
- clone + express in a bacterial or eukaryotic vector
- purify protein and use as vaccine
- cheap!
11 of 15
Describe how carbohydrates/ polysaccharides can be used in the development of a subunit vaccine
- often surface expressed
- possibility of innate activation
- often poorly immunogenic
12 of 15
Describe DNA/ RNA vaccines
- DNA= incorporate into host nucleus + transcribed/ translated into antigen
- mRNA vaccines delivered in lipid-based carriers
- synthetic RNA is translated into antigen by host
13 of 15
What are anti-toxin vaccines?
- don't protect against infection but protect against the toxin produced by the pathogen
- e.g. tetanus
- usually produced from inactivated toxins
14 of 15
What are some vaccine strategies that need to be considered in order to increase the efficiency of immunity to the population during administration?
- age- neonates= poor response, maternal antibodies may affect success of vaccine
- boosters- length of immunity
- vaccine type- will it affect disease surveillance, animals entering food chain
- cost
- herd immunity
- single vs multiple vaccines
15 of 15

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What can vaccines do?

Back

- protect against disease
- prevent transmission of disease
- prevent/ reduce infection

Card 3

Front

What are the features of an effective vaccine?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Name the 5 types of vaccine?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe killed/inactive vaccines

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Other resources:

ph
See all Other resources »See all Bacteria resources »