The name for the harsh laws that punished petty crimes by death.
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What did the government change?
They centralised activites - all decisions made in London would be used nationally.
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What did Industrialisation cause?
Less need for factory workers, more people living in a small space, higher mortality rate, more efficient farming methods - leading to more theft and violence
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What was newspaper tax?
Making newspapers more expensive so that advertised protests couldn't spread their message.
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Why were there more weapon searches?
Local Magistrates were able to search homes for weapons in order to keep public peace and safety.
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Why was there a ban on public meetings over 50?
By stopping people meeting in large numbers, it was felt that mass outbreaks of violence could be stopped.
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Why was there a ban on military drilling?
It was felt that having people trained was like asking for public violence.
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Why was there a seizure of publications?
Magistrates could seize any publications they felt could give insight to violence and order.
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Why were there faster trials?
If public disorder was dealt with swiftly, it was thought that less people would want to break the laws.
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What was Transportation?
Taking convicted criminals to Australia where they would become slaves for 3-7 years in a house or on land.
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Why was Transportation better than prison?
The only prisons had holding cells for short periods of time, so it was better to send them to Australia.
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What were prisons initially like?
Dirty,damp, men and women together, petty thieves and murderers housed together, male jailers looked after females, jailers abused their powers.
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How did Elizabeth Fry help?
Educated the women, taught them to sew and knit, publicly spoke out about the changed that needed to be made - men and women were separated and women jailers looked after the females.
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How did John Howard help?
Published a paper outlining the issues - wanted better hygiene, separate cells and rehabilitation - died 30 years before his reforms were used.
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How did Samuel Romiley help?
Critiqued the bloody code, felt it was too harsh/campaigned for more moderate punishments - had the death penalty removed from minor crimes (petty theft and begging).
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What was the old jail system?
Prisons were damp, dirty and overcrowded - no specific wings for violent criminals or fraudsters.
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What were the first reforms? (1820s)
Robert Peel passed the first reforms - all prisoners had to be well fed and live in healthy conditions - most prisons ignored this.
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What was the separate system?
The idea that if people were taken away from bad influences they would be good. (permanent solitary confinement, many suicides and cases of insanity)
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What was the silent system?
Changing prisons to be harsher,as the general public thought that they were becoming the soft option.
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Who were the Bow Street Runners (1754)?
A group of Constables operating out of the Bow Street Magistrates Court. They were trained, uniformed and well paid to motivate them to work well.
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What was the Metropolitan Police Act 1829?
The first official police force (Metropolitan Police) based in London.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What did the government change?
Back
They centralised activites - all decisions made in London would be used nationally.
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