naturally decaying plants and animals that lived millions of years ago
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what is fractional distillation ?
the separation of the components in a liquid mixture into fractions which differ in boiling point by means of distillation
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whats the residue from fractional distillation of crude oil ?
bitumen
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what can bitumen be used for ?
road surfacing and roof coverings
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what are 3 uses of crude oil ?
petrol, kerosene & lubricating oils
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what are the two factors that effect the boiling points of alkanes ?
chain length and branching
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how does the chain length affect the boiling point of alkanes?
the longer the chain the more intermolecular forces between them , also there are more points of contact thus more van der waals force , thus a higher boiling point
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how does branching effect the boiling point of alkanes ?
the more branching , fewer points of contact thus less van der waals force , also molecules are further apart thus less intermolecular forces , thus lower boiling point
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describe the combustion of alkanes ?
alkanes burn completely in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water
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describe incomplete combustion of alkanes ?
alkanes which do not burn completely will produce carbon monoxide and water
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define cracking ?
the breaking down of long-chained saturated hydrocarbons to form a mixture of shorter chained alkanes and alkenes
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what catalyst is used in cracking?
zeolite catalyst
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what is reforming ?
the process that aliphatic hydrocarbons are converted into cyclic
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what is isomerisation ?
the process in which unbranched alkanes are converted into branched alkanes
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what is fractional distillation ?
Back
the separation of the components in a liquid mixture into fractions which differ in boiling point by means of distillation
Card 3
Front
whats the residue from fractional distillation of crude oil ?
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